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【medical-news】血钙水平可预测前列腺癌风险

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Sept. 3, 2008 -- Men with high-normal levels of calcium in their blood may have an increased risk for developing fatal prostate cancer, early research suggests.

Men in the study with high-normal levels had a threefold greater risk for fatal prostate cancer later in life than those with the lowest average calcium levels (but still within the normal range).

If confirmed, the finding could help identify men at risk of dying from prostate cancer long before the disease is diagnosed, researchers say.

It could also lead to a simple strategy for reducing risk in men with high-normal serum calcium.

"If we can show that men with high-normal serum calcium really are three times as likely to develop a fatal prostate cancer, we might be able to alter this risk with existing drugs that have been proven to be very safe," study researcher Gary G. Schwartz, PhD, of Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, tells WebMD.

Calcium and Prostate Cancer
There is good evidence that men whose diets include a lot of calcium or those who take calcium supplements are at increased risk for prostate cancer.

But since there is little relationship between dietary calcium and calcium in the blood, the new study does not address the question of how much calcium men should eat.

Doctors often measure serum calcium during routine blood tests.

"Many of your body's functions run on calcium, just like your laptop runs on electricity," Schwartz says. "Too little calcium in the blood can cause convulsions and too much can lead to a coma. Since your body cannot afford to oscillate between convulsions and coma, the range of serum calcium is tightly controlled."

Other laboratory studies suggest that calcium and parathyroid hormone -- which regulates calcium levels in the blood -- promote prostate cancer cells' growth, the study researchers report.

In their newly published study, Schwartz and colleague Halcyon G. Skinner, PhD, MPH, of the University of Wisconsin sought to test the laboratory association in humans.

They did this by examining data from a national health survey that examined participants between 1971 and 1975, known as NHANES I, and from a follow-up survey years later.

The analysis included 2,814 men who had their serum calcium levels recorded an average of 10 years before some of the men developed prostate cancer.

The follow-up survey revealed 85 cases of prostate cancer, which included 25 prostate cancer deaths.

Serum calcium levels were not found to influence prostate cancer risk overall, but men with the highest serum calcium levels were more likely to die of the disease than men with the lowest levels.

The study appears in the September issue of the journal Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention.

Many Questions Remain
Schwartz and colleagues are already trying to replicate their findings using data from other studies that followed men over long periods of time.

If the findings are confirmed, the researchers say parathyroid hormone or serum-calcium-lowering drugs may prove useful in prostate cancer prevention, in the same way that cholesterol-lowering drugs are used to lower heart attack and stroke risk.

But Durado Brooks, MD, MPH, of the American Cancer Society, says this is a big leap.

"It is important to keep in mind that there were only 25 cases of fatal prostate cancer," he says. "Any attempt to assess how this relates to the entire male population at risk for this disease is very preliminary."

The director of prostate and colorectal cancer for ACS, Brooks says a greater understanding of the mechanism that might link high-normal serum calcium levels with an increased risk for fatal prostate cancer would be needed before preventive treatments could be considered.

"We would need to understand the role of the parathyroid hormone and vitamin D," he says. "There are many, many unanswered questions."

转自：http://www.webmd.com

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2008-09-05 10:25 浏览 : 922 回复 : 3

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本人已认领该文编译，48小时后若未提交译文，请其他战友自由认领。

2008-09-05 15:29

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Sept. 3, 2008 -- Men with high-normal levels of calcium in their blood may have an increased risk for developing fatal prostate cancer, early research suggests.
2008．9．3——早期研究证实，血中钙离子处于正常高值的人患致命前列腺癌的风险将会增加。
Men in the study with high-normal levels had a threefold greater risk for fatal prostate cancer later in life than those with the lowest average calcium levels (but still within the normal range).
研究中，晚年时血中钙离子处于正常高值的人患致命前列腺癌的风险是较平均值较低（但仍在正常范围内）的人的3倍还多。
If confirmed, the finding could help identify men at risk of dying from prostate cancer long before the disease is diagnosed, researchers say.
研究者表明，如果这项发现被证实是正确的，将会有助于远在前列腺癌被诊断之前确定该患死于此病的风险。
It could also lead to a simple strategy for reducing risk in men with high-normal serum calcium.
它还将为血钙浓度处于正常高值的人降低患病风险提供一个简单的策略。
"If we can show that men with high-normal serum calcium really are three times as likely to develop a fatal prostate cancer, we might be able to alter this risk with existing drugs that have been proven to be very safe," study researcher Gary G. Schwartz, PhD, of Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, tells WebMD.
“如果能够证实血钙浓度处于正常高值的人确实有3倍于常人患致命前列腺癌的风险的话，我们将可以应用现存被证实较安全的药物来降低这种风险。”Wake Forest大学浸礼宗教医学中心的研究者Gary G. Schwartz博士对WebMD说。
Calcium and Prostate Cancer
There is good evidence that men whose diets include a lot of calcium or those who take calcium supplements are at increased risk for prostate cancer.
钙离子与前列腺癌
有非常好的证据可以证实饮食中含有较多钙或吃钙补品的人，患前列腺癌的风险将会增加。
But since there is little relationship between dietary calcium and calcium in the blood, the new study does not address the question of how much calcium men should eat.
但是饮食中的钙和血中的钙几乎没有任何关系，所以这项新研究并没有解决到底人们应该吃多少钙。
Doctors often measure serum calcium during routine blood tests.
医生经常在血常规中检测血钙浓度。
"Many of your body's functions run on calcium, just like your laptop runs on electricity," Schwartz says. "Too little calcium in the blood can cause convulsions and too much can lead to a coma. Since your body cannot afford to oscillate between convulsions and coma, the range of serum calcium is tightly controlled."
“人体许多功能都依靠钙来运转，就像手提电脑需要电来运行一样，”Schwartz说。“血钙过低会导致抽搐，过高则会引起昏迷。而人体经受不起在抽搐和昏迷之间来回不定，所以血钙的范围是被严格控制着的。”
Other laboratory studies suggest that calcium and parathyroid hormone -- which regulates calcium levels in the blood -- promote prostate cancer cells' growth, the study researchers report.
其他实验室的研究结果证实钙离子和甲状旁腺素（调节血钙浓度的激素）促进前列腺细胞增生，研究者报道
In their newly published study, Schwartz and colleague Halcyon G. Skinner, PhD, MPH, of the University of Wisconsin sought to test the laboratory association in humans.
在他们新近发表的研究中，Schwartz和同事Halcyon G. Skinner——威斯康星州立大学公共卫生学博士致力于寻找人类中的实验室关联。
They did this by examining data from a national health survey that examined participants between 1971 and 1975, known as NHANES I, and from a follow-up survey years later.
他们从一个含有1971年至1975年的参与者的全国健康调查（即NHANES I，第一次全国健康和营养检查调查）和几年后随访调查中找寻数据。
The analysis included 2,814 men who had their serum calcium levels recorded an average of 10 years before some of the men developed prostate cancer.
分析包括2814人，这些人在其中一些患前列腺癌平均10年前记录过血钙浓度。
The follow-up survey revealed 85 cases of prostate cancer, which included 25 prostate cancer deaths.
随后的调查发现85例前列腺癌患者，其中25人已死于前列腺癌。
Serum calcium levels were not found to influence prostate cancer risk overall, but men with the highest serum calcium levels were more likely to die of the disease than men with the lowest levels.
血钙浓度从大体上来说不影响患前列腺癌的风险，但是血钙浓度高的人比低的人更易死于该疾病。
The study appears in the September issue of the journal Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention.
这项研究在《癌症流行病学生物标记和预防》杂志第九期中发表。
Many Questions Remain
Schwartz and colleagues are already trying to replicate their findings using data from other studies that followed men over long periods of time.
仍有许多问题
Schwartz和同事们正试着从随访时间较长的另外一些研究数据中复制他们的发现。
If the findings are confirmed, the researchers say parathyroid hormone or serum-calcium-lowering drugs may prove useful in prostate cancer prevention, in the same way that cholesterol-lowering drugs are used to lower heart attack and stroke risk.
如果发现被证实，研究者说甲状旁腺激素或降血钙药物将有助于预防前列腺癌，就像降血脂药可降低心脏病发作和中风危险一样。
But Durado Brooks, MD, MPH, of the American Cancer Society, says this is a big leap.
但是美国癌症学会医学硕士，公共卫生学硕士Durado Brooks说这将是个巨大的跨越。
"It is important to keep in mind that there were only 25 cases of fatal prostate cancer," he says. "Any attempt to assess how this relates to the entire male population at risk for this disease is very preliminary."
“重要的是我们应看到仅仅有25例死于致命的前列腺癌，”他说。“任何想把这些关联与整个男性人口患该病的风险联系在一起的尝试都是非常初步的。”
The director of prostate and colorectal cancer for ACS, Brooks says a greater understanding of the mechanism that might link high-normal serum calcium levels with an increased risk for fatal prostate cancer would be needed before preventive treatments could be considered.
美国癌症学会前列腺和结肠癌主管Brooks说在预防治疗可以被考虑之前高血钙可增加致命前列腺癌的机制仍需进一步被查明。
"We would need to understand the role of the parathyroid hormone and vitamin D," he says. "There are many, many unanswered questions."
“我们需弄明白甲状旁腺素和维生素D的角色，”他说。“仍有很多很多的未解开的问题。”

2008-09-07 14:07

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编译：
2008．9．3——早期研究证实，血中钙离子处于正常高值的人患致命前列腺癌的风险将会增加。
研究中，晚年时血中钙离子处于正常高值的人患致命前列腺癌的风险是较平均值较低（但仍在正常范围内）的人的3倍还多。研究者表明，如果这项发现被证实是正确的，将会有助于远在前列腺癌被诊断之前确定该患死于此病的风险。它还将为血钙浓度处于正常高值的人降低患病风险提供一个简单的策略。“如果能够证实血钙浓度处于正常高值的人确实有3倍于常人患致命前列腺癌的风险的话，我们将可以应用现存被证实较安全的药物来降低这种风险。”Wake Forest大学浸礼宗教医学中心的研究者Gary G. Schwartz博士对WebMD说。

钙离子与前列腺癌

有非常好的证据可以证实饮食中含有较多钙或吃钙补品的人，患前列腺癌的风险将会增加。但是饮食中的钙和血中的钙几乎没有任何关系，所以这项新研究并没有解决到底人们应该吃多少钙。医生经常在血常规中检测血钙浓度。“人体许多功能都依靠钙来运转，就像手提电脑需要电来运行一样，”Schwartz说。“血钙过低会导致抽搐，过高则会引起昏迷。而人体经受不起在抽搐和昏迷之间来回不定，所以血钙的范围是被严格控制着的。”其他实验室的研究结果证实钙离子和甲状旁腺素（调节血钙浓度的激素）促进前列腺细胞增生，研究者报道
在他们新近发表的研究中，Schwartz和同事Halcyon G. Skinner——威斯康星州立大学公共卫生学博士致力于寻找人类中的实验室关联。他们从一个含有1971年至1975年的参与者的全国健康调查（即NHANES I，第一次全国健康和营养检查调查）和几年后随访调查中找寻数据。分析包括2814人，这些人在其中一些患前列腺癌平均10年前记录过血钙浓度。随后的调查发现85例前列腺癌患者，其中25人已死于前列腺癌。血钙浓度从大体上来说不影响患前列腺癌的风险，但是血钙浓度高的人比低的人更易死于该疾病。这项研究在《癌症流行病学生物标记和预防》杂志第九期中发表。

问题仍很多

Schwartz和同事们正试着从随访时间较长的另外一些研究数据中复制他们的发现。如果发现被证实，研究者说甲状旁腺激素或降血钙药物将有助于预防前列腺癌，就像降血脂药可降低心脏病发作和中风危险一样。但是美国癌症学会医学硕士，公共卫生学硕士Durado Brooks说这将是个巨大的跨越。 “重要的是我们应看到仅仅有25例死于致命的前列腺癌，”他说。“任何想把这些关联与整个男性人口患该病的风险联系在一起的尝试都是非常初步的。”美国癌症学会前列腺和结肠癌主管Brooks说在预防治疗可以被考虑之前高血钙可增加致命前列腺癌的机制仍需进一步被查明。“我们需弄明白甲状旁腺素和维生素D的角色，”他说。“仍有很多很多的未解开的问题。”

2008-09-07 14:08

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