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【bio-news】研究表明新生头发能显示孕妇美散痛使用情况

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http://www.cbc.ca/health/story/2006/10/31/meth-hair.html
Newborn hair signals expectant mothers' meth use: study
Last Updated: Tuesday, October 31, 2006 | 10:10 AM ET
CBC News
A newborn's hair suggests if a woman intentionally took methamphetamines knowing she was pregnant, a landmark Canadian study has found.

The study by researchers at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children involved tests on hair samples from 8,000 Canadian mothers and newborns collected between 1997 and 2005.

Methamphetamine can be snorted, smoked or injected.
(CBC) As suspected, when expectant mothers use the drug, it moves through the placenta to the fetus. Now researchers have found evidence of methamphetamines in the hair of some newborns.

Fetal hair does not start growing until the last three months of pregnancy, the study's principal author, Dr. Gideon Koren, told CBC Newsworld on Tuesday.

"If you find it in a baby, it has to get there," said Koren, head of the hospital's Motherisk program. "Babies do not do drugs, so it's Mum who had to do it."

If the drug is present in a baby's hair, its an "ominous sign of addiction."

While blood and urine samples cannot determine long-term use or differntiate between various drugs, the new test is accurate and sensitive, Koren said. Hospitals and child protection agencies are using it to track the extent of the problem.

Methamphetamines, including crystal meth, are powerful stimulants that boost alertness and cause euphoria. But the highly addictive drugs also depress appetite, and long-term use can lead to brain damage and psychotic behaviour. The drug causes blood vessels to constrict, and may prevent blood from reaching vital organs.

Because crystal meth is relatively easy to make and buy — it can be cooked up in home laboratories with accessible ingredients and bought for $5 to $10 a hit — global use of the drug is skyrocketing, especially among young women, the researchers say.

'It's a looming epidemic; it's like a big black cloud.'

— Dr. Gideon KorenWhile national statistics for Canada are not readily available — figures vary from province to province — an estimated 500,000 Americans are believed to be regular users, including five per cent being pregnant women.

More addicted mothers expected
The study was published online ahead of the print version of the fetal and neonatal edition of the Archives of Disease in Childhood.

The hair samples were sent by doctors or children's aid societies to Sick Children's Motherisk Laboratory for analysis.

Almost 400 of the hair samples tested positive for meth. The number included 11 mother and baby pairs.

The first positive cases — six in all — were found in 2003. The next year, eight hair samples contained evidence of methamphetamine use. But in 2005, the number soared to more than 300.

"It's a looming epidemic; it's like a big black cloud," said Koren. "For sure we know that a significant group of Canadian kids have addicted mothers.

"I expect … we will see more and more."

Methamphetamine users were also more likely to use other drugs, the study found. In fact, 85 per cent of the 396 samples that came back positive for meth also tested positive for at least one other illegal drug, predominantly cocaine.

While the short- and long-term effects of methamphetamines on the developing fetus are not fully known, Koren said animal and small-scale human studies suggest the drug may affect normal growth and development.

The blood-brain barrier in a fetus is much more permeable than that of an adult, "so there's no question whatsoever that it goes into the brain of the baby," Koren explained. "There's all the theoretical reasons to believe it will have long-term effects on the babies.

"That's the next thing we're going to do — we will follow up these babies."

Poor nutrition a concern for mothers
Wende Wood, a psychiatric pharmacist at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health in Toronto, said babies whose mothers abused drugs during pregnancy tend to be born prematurely and underweight.

It is difficult to tell, however, whether these babies are underdeveloped because of drugs or because the mother wasn't caring for herself properly during pregnancy, Wood said. A big problem for some people taking methamphetamines is eating properly.

"With stimulants in particular, like meth and cocaine, they suppress the appetite. So a lot of the problems could be just as much from the poor self-care and poor nutrition as from the drug itself."

Dr. Heather Scott, a maternal-fetal medicine specialist at Nova Scotia's IWK Health Centre, said the study confirms the long-held suspicion that methamphetamines do enter the placenta and subsequently the developing fetus.

'My gut feeling … is that [methamphetamine use] is on the rise, but I think we're not very good at getting a handle on it.'
— Dr. Heather ScottKnowing that may make doctors and other health-care providers more vigilant in trying to identify and help expectant mothers they suspect may be abusing drugs.

"My gut feeling — and this is strictly my gut feeling — is that [methamphetamine use] is on the rise, but I think we're not very good at getting a handle on it," Scott said Monday from Halifax.

Experts say methamphetamines are used by people of all socioeconomic levels — from street people looking for a cheap buzz, to long-haul truck drivers who need to stay awake, and even some "soccer moms" looking for a means to keep up with the demands of work, family and social obligations.

"So I'm sure we're missing people who use the drug," said Scott of prenatal-care providers, "because we never ask the question."

Wood said the study suggests a means for health-care providers to confirm suspected methamphetamine exposure in newborns, knowledge that could help them key in on potential developmental deficits in little ones, so that programs could be tailored to boost their development.

"Even if babies are born with problems, the postnatal period is so important and so much ground can be

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2006-11-01 07:59 浏览 : 614 回复 : 1

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Newborn hair signals expectant mothers' meth use: study
A newborn's hair suggests if a woman intentionally took methamphetamines knowing she was pregnant, a landmark Canadian study has found.
新生儿的头发可以提示妇女是否在知道自己怀孕的情况下，继续故意摄取美散痛。
The study by researchers at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children involved tests on hair samples from 8,000 Canadian mothers and newborns collected between 1997 and 2005.
本研究小组测试了1997年到2005年8000例加拿大母亲和新生儿的头发样本。
Methamphetamine can be snorted, smoked or injected.
(CBC) As suspected, when expectant mothers use the drug, it moves through the placenta to the fetus. Now researchers have found evidence of methamphetamines in the hair of some newborns.
美散痛可以服食，吸入，或者注射。如果孕妇使用这种药，它会通过胎盘进入胎儿。研究者发现胎儿头发中存在美散痛。
Fetal hair does not start growing until the last three months of pregnancy, the study's principal author, Dr. Gideon Koren, told CBC Newsworld on Tuesday.
直到怀孕的最后三个月胎儿开始长头发。
"If you find it in a baby, it has to get there," said Koren, head of the hospital's Motherisk program. "Babies do not do drugs, so it's Mum who had to do it."
如果发现胎儿具有美散痛，那就是母亲吸毒，因为胎儿不吸毒。
If the drug is present in a baby's hair, its an "ominous sign of addiction."
如果胎儿头发发现美散痛，是母亲成瘾的显著标志。
While blood and urine samples cannot determine long-term use or differntiate between various drugs, the new test is accurate and sensitive, Koren said. Hospitals and child protection agencies are using it to track the extent of the problem.
血和尿样不能确定是否长期应用，不能鉴别是什么药物，但是新的测试方法非常准确而敏感。医院和儿童保护组织正在用此法研究这一问题的严重性。
Methamphetamines, including crystal meth, are powerful stimulants that boost alertness and cause euphoria. But the highly addictive drugs also depress appetite, and long-term use can lead to brain damage and psychotic behaviour. The drug causes blood vessels to constrict, and may prevent blood from reaching vital organs.
美散痛，包括冰毒是强效刺激物，可以提高警觉，带来愉悦感。但是大量成瘾可以抑制食欲，长期使用可以损害大脑和心理行为异常。药物导致血管收缩，阻止血液到达重要脏器。
Because crystal meth is relatively easy to make and buy — it can be cooked up in home laboratories with accessible ingredients and bought for $5 to $10 a hit — global use of the drug is skyrocketing, especially among young women, the researchers say.
冰毒容易生产和买到，在家里面就可以制作，购买科5～10美元一品脱，该药物的全球应用飙升，尤其是在年轻女性。
'It's a looming epidemic; it's like a big black cloud.'
这是传染性的，好像一大朵乌云。
— Dr. Gideon KorenWhile national statistics for Canada are not readily available — figures vary from province to province — an estimated 500,000 Americans are believed to be regular users, including five per cent being pregnant women.
加拿大没有相关的统计数据，因为每一个省的数据都不一样。据估计美国约有50万，其中5%的是孕妇。
More addicted mothers expected
The study was published online ahead of the print version of the fetal and neonatal edition of the Archives of Disease in Childhood.
可能又可能成瘾妈妈
本研究的网络版早于印刷版。发表于儿童病的胎儿和新生儿卷上。
The hair samples were sent by doctors or children's aid societies to Sick Children's Motherisk Laboratory for analysis.
医生或者儿童护理组织将胎儿的头发样本送到Motherisk病儿实验室分析。
Almost 400 of the hair samples tested positive for meth. The number included 11 mother and baby pairs.
接近400例头发样本冰毒测试阳性。包括11对母亲和婴儿配对的样本。
The first positive cases — six in all — were found in 2003. The next year, eight hair samples contained evidence of methamphetamine use. But in 2005, the number soared to more than 300.
2003第一次分析阳性标本，共6例。第二年，8份样本阳性，但是2005年，飙升到了300份
"It's a looming epidemic; it's like a big black cloud," said Koren. "For sure we know that a significant group of Canadian kids have addicted mothers.
几乎成为传染性了，好似一片乌云。我们可以肯定相当一部分儿童有一个成瘾的妈妈。
"I expect … we will see more and more."
这种情况可能会越来越多。
Methamphetamine users were also more likely to use other drugs, the study found. In fact, 85 per cent of the 396 samples that came back positive for meth also tested positive for at least one other illegal drug, predominantly cocaine.
冰毒成瘾者很可能使用其它药物。事实上，85%的样本中不但测到冰毒，也检测到其它违禁药物。
While the short- and long-term effects of methamphetamines on the developing fetus are not fully known, Koren said animal and small-scale human studies suggest the drug may affect normal growth and development.
虽然目前尚不清楚冰毒对胎儿的长期和短期影响，动物试验和小范围人类实验证明可以影响正常的发育和成长。
The blood-brain barrier in a fetus is much more permeable than that of an adult, "so there's no question whatsoever that it goes into the brain of the baby," Koren explained. "There's all the theoretical reasons to believe it will have long-term effects on the babies.
胎儿的血脑屏障比成年人的渗透性要大，因此什么东西进入胎儿的脑子是没有问题的，因此肯定会对胎儿产生长期影响。
"That's the next thing we're going to do — we will follow up these babies."
本研究下一步要做的事情是随访这些婴儿。
Poor nutrition a concern for mothers
Wende Wood, a psychiatric pharmacist at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health in Toronto, said babies whose mothers abused drugs during pregnancy tend to be born prematurely and underweight.
母亲营养较差也是一个问题
Wende Wood是精神卫生与成瘾研究中心的心理医生，婴儿的母亲成瘾容易早产，生低体重儿。
It is difficult to tell, however, whether these babies are underdeveloped because of drugs or because the mother wasn't caring for herself properly during pregnancy, Wood said. A big problem for some people taking methamphetamines is eating properly.
目前还无法判断婴儿是否发育不良，因为药物的作用，或者母亲怀孕期间不能好好的照顾自己。另外一部分冰毒成瘾人群尚能正常饮食。
"With stimulants in particular, like meth and cocaine, they suppress the appetite. So a lot of the problems could be just as much from the poor self-care and poor nutrition as from the drug itself."
成瘾性药物，例如冰毒和可卡因，可以破坏食欲。因此很多问题可能是由于孕妇不能自己照顾自己、营养不良和药物本身作用共同起作用。
Dr. Heather Scott, a maternal-fetal medicine specialist at Nova Scotia's IWK Health Centre, said the study confirms the long-held suspicion that methamphetamines do enter the placenta and subsequently the developing fetus.
Heather Scoot博士是母婴医学专家，说本研究证实了冰毒可以通过胎盘，进入婴儿的怀疑。
'My gut feeling … is that [methamphetamine use] is on the rise, but I think we're not very good at getting a handle on it.'
— Dr. Heather ScottKnowing that may make doctors and other health-care providers more vigilant in trying to identify and help expectant mothers they suspect may be abusing drugs.
我感到恶心的是……冰毒的应用正在上升，难以很好的控制。
－本研究结果有助于帮助医生和其它卫生工作者保持警惕，发现药物成瘾的孕妇。
Experts say methamphetamines are used by people of all socioeconomic levels — from street people looking for a cheap buzz, to long-haul truck drivers who need to stay awake, and even some "soccer moms" looking for a means to keep up with the demands of work, family and social obligations.
专家说各个阶层都有人在使用冰毒，从街头小混混寻求刺激，到需要保持清醒的长途卡车司机，以及一些足球女士，为了满足工作、家庭和社会的体力要求。
"So I'm sure we're missing people who use the drug," said Scott of prenatal-care providers, "because we never ask the question."
所以我们很容易漏掉违禁药物使用人员，因为我们很少问这个问题。
Wood said the study suggests a means for health-care providers to confirm suspected methamphetamine exposure in newborns, knowledge that could help them key in on potential developmental deficits in little ones, so that programs could be tailored to boost their development.
Wood说，本研究的价值在于发现了一种肯定胎儿冰毒暴露的手段，直到该胎儿可能会出现发育不良，因此可以采取相应的措施促进他们的发育。
"Even if babies are born with problems, the postnatal period is so important and so much ground can be
即使胎儿出生时存在问题，新生儿期也是非常重要的，有很多工作可以做。

2006-11-01 20:11

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