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【社会人文】提高校园文化水平有助于减少药物滥用和青少年怀孕现象

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http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-03/bmj-isc032207.php

Public release date: 22-Mar-2007

Improving school culture may help cut substance abuse and teenage pregnancies
Improving school ethos may reduce substance misuse and teenage pregnancy
Improving the institutional culture (ethos) of schools in the UK may help reduce substance abuse and teenage pregnancies, says an article in this week's BMJ.

Researchers from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine's Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour say that substance misuse and teenage pregnancy are major public health challenges and argue that existing responses to these issues seem to have brought about only limited benefits.

Previous surveys show that a third of 15 year olds in England have taken illegal drugs in the past year and a quarter of 15 year old girls smoke. Rates of illegal drug use and drinking continue to rise, whilst teenage pregnancy rates in the UK are the highest in western Europe.

So the authors reviewed evidence suggesting that interventions aiming to promote positive school ethos might provide an effective complement to existing approaches.

A study carried out in Scotland found that in some secondary schools 'risky' health behaviours (e.g. substance misuse, alcohol and tobacco use) couldn't be explained by student, family or neighbourhood factors, but did seem to be explained by large school size and independently rated poor school ethos.

And trials in both Australia and the United States showed that projects which aimed to improve school ethos helped improve the health behaviours of their students. Both projects involved a range of activities including improving teacher-student communication, increasing parent and student involvement in school policy-making and better training for teachers.

The US study reported a 34% reduction in a combined measure of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use among boys, plus significant benefits regarding condom use, frequency of sex, violence and truancy. However, similar benefits were not reported among girls.

The Australian research found that students at schools taking part in the project were slightly less likely to report a range of risky health behaviours (such as regular smoking and drinking and marijuana use). Follow-up research suggested impacts might increase over time as the changes 'bedded down' in schools.

This evidence makes sense, say the authors. After the family, and alongside the media and peers, the most important institution in the lives of most children and young people is their school.

The UK government already recognises that the whole school environment has a key role in promoting young people's health. However, there is little evidence that current government initiatives aiming to make schools healthier are doing much to improve ethos. Improving school ethos to combat disaffection should be viewed as a promising complement to classroom-based interventions, they conclude.

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2007-03-23 19:51 浏览 : 642 回复 : 2

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本人已认领该文编译，48小时后若未提交译文，请其他战友自由认领。

2007-03-23 20:10

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Improving school culture may help cut substance abuse and teenage pregnancies
提高校园文化水平有助于减少药物滥用和青少年怀孕现象

Researchers from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine's Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour say that substance misuse and teenage pregnancy are major public health challenges and argue that existing responses to these issues seem to have brought about only limited benefits.
来自伦敦大学卫生和热带医学学院的、进行药品和健康行为研究的研究人员称，药物滥用和青少年怀孕是主要的公共卫生问题，并且现在对这些问题采取的措施只起到了有限的效果。

Previous surveys show that a third of 15 year olds in England have taken illegal drugs in the past year and a quarter of 15 year old girls smoke. Rates of illegal drug use and drinking continue to rise, whilst teenage pregnancy rates in the UK are the highest in western Europe.
之前的调查显示，过去的一年中，在英格兰有1/3的15岁孩子用过非法定药品，1/4的15岁女孩吸烟。使用非法定药品和饮酒率逐渐增高，同时，在英国青少年怀孕率冠绝西欧。

So the authors reviewed evidence suggesting that interventions aiming to promote positive school ethos might provide an effective complement to existing approaches.
因此，作者们在事实的基础上建议，把注意力放在改善校园风气上，这可能为现行制度提供有力的补充。

A study carried out in Scotland found that in some secondary schools 'risky' health behaviours (e.g. substance misuse, alcohol and tobacco use) couldn't be explained by student, family or neighbourhood factors, but did seem to be explained by large school size and independently rated poor school ethos.
一项在苏格兰进行的研究发现，在一些中学里，“危险的”健康行为（**、饮酒和吸烟等）是用学生、家庭或邻里等因素无法解释的，但是，似乎与学校规模大和校园风气不好的程度有关。

And trials in both Australia and the United States showed that projects which aimed to improve school ethos helped improve the health behaviours of their students. Both projects involved a range of activities including improving teacher-student communication, increasing parent and student involvement in school policy-making and better training for teachers.
而且，在澳大利亚和美国进行的试验显示，旨在改善校园风气的计划有助于改善学生的健康行为。计划中的一系列活动既包括增进师生交流、增加家长与学生参与学校的决策，还包括加强对教师的培训。

The US study reported a 34% reduction in a combined measure of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use among boys, plus significant benefits regarding condom use, frequency of sex, violence and truancy. However, similar benefits were not reported among girls.
美国的研究显示，在男孩子中饮酒、吸烟和吸食大麻综合测量结果下降了34%，在应用安全套、**频率、暴力和堕胎方面有明显改善。然而，在女孩中没有取得相似的成效。

The Australian research found that students at schools taking part in the project were slightly less likely to report a range of risky health behaviours (such as regular smoking and drinking and marijuana use). Follow-up research suggested impacts might increase over time as the changes 'bedded down' in schools.
澳大利亚的研究发现，参加计划的在校生发生一系列危险的健康行为（如有规律的吸烟、饮酒和吸食大麻）的可能性略低。随访提示，当变革“植根”于学校，影响可能随时间而增加。

This evidence makes sense, say the authors. After the family, and alongside the media and peers, the most important institution in the lives of most children and young people is their school.
作者们认为结论是合理的。离开家庭进入社会，在大多数孩子和年轻人的生活中最重要的机构是他们的学校。

The UK government already recognises that the whole school environment has a key role in promoting young people's health. However, there is little evidence that current government initiatives aiming to make schools healthier are doing much to improve ethos. Improving school ethos to combat disaffection should be viewed as a promising complement to classroom-based interventions, they conclude.
英国政府已经意识到学校的整体环境在促进年轻人的健康中扮演重要角色。然而，现在政府在使学校更健康如改善校园风气方面做的还很少。他们总结到，改善校园风气以抵制恶习应该被看作是学校教育的一种有希望的补充。

编译文字：712

提高校园文化水平有助于减少药物滥用和青少年怀孕现象

来自伦敦大学卫生和热带医学学院的、进行药品和健康行为研究的研究人员称，药物滥用和青少年怀孕是主要的公共卫生问题，并且现在对这些问题采取的措施只起到了有限的效果。

之前的调查显示，过去的一年中，在英格兰有1/3的15岁孩子用过非法定药品，1/4的15岁女孩吸烟。使用非法定药品和饮酒率逐渐增高，同时，在英国青少年怀孕率冠绝西欧。

因此，作者们在事实的基础上建议，把注意力放在改善校园风气上，这可能为现行制度提供有力的补充。

一项在苏格兰进行的研究发现，在一些中学里，“危险的”健康行为（**、饮酒和吸烟等）是用学生、家庭或邻里等因素无法解释的，但是，似乎与学校规模大和校园风气不好的程度有关。

而且，在澳大利亚和美国进行的试验显示，旨在改善校园风气的计划有助于改善学生的健康行为。计划中的一系列活动既包括增进师生交流、增加家长与学生参与学校的决策，还包括加强对教师的培训。

美国的研究显示，在男孩子中饮酒、吸烟和吸食大麻综合测量结果下降了34%，在应用安全套、**频率、暴力和堕胎方面有明显改善。然而，在女孩中没有取得相似的成效。

澳大利亚的研究发现，参加计划的在校生发生一系列危险的健康行为（如有规律的吸烟、饮酒和吸食大麻）的可能性略低。随访提示，当变革“植根”于学校，影响可能随时间而增加。

作者们认为结论是合理的。离开家庭进入社会，在大多数孩子和年轻人的生活中最重要的机构是他们的学校。

英国政府已经意识到学校的整体环境在促进年轻人的健康中扮演重要角色。然而，现在政府在使学校更健康如改善校园风气方面做的还很少。他们总结到，改善校园风气以抵制恶习应该被看作是学校教育的一种有希望的补充。

2007-03-27 21:35

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