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【bio-news】哈佛大学干细胞研究所实验：“血脉相通”让实验鼠返老还童

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按语: 哈佛大学干细胞研究所将年老的实验鼠与幼鼠的血液循环系统接在一起，结果发现前者与后者一样，产生更多的淋巴样细胞及更少的骨髓细胞——即开始了返老还童过程。
哪么人类是否可以在配对成功的基础上，通过这一简捷的方法达到永葆青春的目的？研究者指出：一次性的换血手术并不能奏效，关键在于换血必须是持续的。

——Docofsoul

Elixir of youth lurks in blood of conjoined mice
01 February 2010 by Andy Coghlan

AN UNUSUAL experiment in which the blood supplies of old and young mice were bound together as if they were conjoined twins has boosted hopes of one day giving new life to old bodies.

A team led by Amy Wagers of the Harvard Stem Cell Institute in Boston, Massachusetts, discovered that the blood of the young animals seemed to rejuvenate ageing blood stem cells in the bone marrows of the older mice. It also revitalised so-called "niche" cells in the bone marrow, which nourish, support and stimulate blood stem cells.

Although old mice make more blood stem cells and more niche cells than young mice, many are faulty and don't repair the body as efficiently as the younger equivalents. "The reason the old animals have too many is probably an attempt to compensate for these flaws," Wagers says. Old mice also make too many myeloid blood cells, which contribute to inflammation and the development of cancer, and too few lymphoid blood cells, which orchestrate tissue repair.

But when Wagers's team yoked 21-month-old mice to young mice just 2 months old, all these age-related changes were reversed: the mice made fewer myeloid cells and more lymphoid cells (Nature, DOI: 10.1038/nature08749). The researchers conclude that as-yet-unidentified components in the young mice's blood passed into the older animals and prompted these youth-giving changes.

The young mice's blood flowed into the older animals, prompting youth-giving changes
Based on further experiments, Wagers suspects these blood components may prompt the repair of the old mice's worn-out cells by blocking a hormone called insulin-like growth factor 1, which has been implicated in the ageing process. IGF-1 accelerated ageing in mouse niche cells, as the team expected, and when the researchers injected antibodies that neutralise IGF-1 into the bone marrows of old mice, the niche and stem cells remained young.

It's not safe, though, to slow ageing in old people by injecting antibodies into the bone marrow that neutralise IGF-1, says Wagers. That's because IGF-1 is vital for muscle and bone growth and antibodies might leak into the rest of the body. Instead, her team is now looking for a way to block the chemical signal that switches on IGF-1 production, exclusively in the bone marrow.

Attempting to slow ageing using blood transfusions from young people, to mimic more directly what happened in the yoked mice, is also out, says Wagers. A "one-off" exposure to the relevant blood factors won't reverse ageing, it would need to be constant.

http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20527453.900-elixir-of-youth-lurks-in-blood-of-conjoined-mice.html

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2010-02-02 11:19 浏览 : 8121 回复 : 51

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super19830102 编辑于 2010-02-24 12:51

• 临床要不要去做超声？超声科待遇怎么样？

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本人已认领该文编译，48小时后若未提交译文，请其他战友自由认领。

2010-02-02 11:32

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Elixir of youth lurks in blood of conjoined mice
01 February 2010 by Andy Coghlan

AN UNUSUAL experiment in which the blood supplies of old and young mice were bound together as if they were conjoined twins has boosted hopes of one day giving new life to old bodies.
一项罕见的实验为有朝一日给老年躯体新生带来了希望，在这个实验中，老年鼠和幼年鼠血供联通如同他们是联体双婴一样。
A team led by Amy Wagers of the Harvard Stem Cell Institute in Boston, Massachusetts, discovered that the blood of the young animals seemed to rejuvenate ageing blood stem cells in the bone marrows of the older mice. It also revitalised so-called "niche" cells in the bone marrow, which nourish, support and stimulate blood stem cells.
Amy Wagers在哈佛干细胞研究所（波士顿，马萨诸塞州）带领的团队发现在幼年动物的血液似乎可以使老年鼠骨髓中的老年血液干细胞重新恢复活力。同时可以恢复活力的是骨髓中的“壁龛细胞”--其功能是营养、支持和激活血液干细胞
Although old mice make more blood stem cells and more niche cells than young mice, many are faulty and don't repair the body as efficiently as the younger equivalents. "The reason the old animals have too many is probably an attempt to compensate for these flaws," Wagers says. Old mice also make too many myeloid blood cells, which contribute to inflammation and the development of cancer, and too few lymphoid blood cells, which orchestrate tissue repair.
虽然老年鼠比幼年鼠制造更多的血液干细胞和壁龛细胞，这些细胞很多是有缺陷的，不能像幼年个体中的这些细胞那样有效修复机体。Wagers说：“老年鼠有太多这些细胞的原因，可能是试图补偿这些缺陷。”老年鼠也制造了太多的骨髓细胞，其功能与炎症和癌症的发生有关，而参与组织修复的淋巴细胞则太少了。
But when Wagers's team yoked 21-month-old mice to young mice just 2 months old, all these age-related changes were reversed: the mice made fewer myeloid cells and more lymphoid cells (Nature, DOI: 10.1038/nature08749). The researchers conclude that as-yet-unidentified components in the young mice's blood passed into the older animals and prompted these youth-giving changes.
但是当Wagers的团队将21月龄的老年鼠与2月龄的幼年鼠联通之后，所有这些与年龄相关的改变逆转了：这些老鼠制造骨髓细胞少了，制造淋巴细胞多了(Nature, DOI: 10.1038/nature08749)。研究者们总结说，仍未确定幼年鼠血液内的哪一种组分进入到老年鼠体内促发了这种年轻化的改变。
The young mice's blood flowed into the older animals, prompting youth-giving changes
幼年鼠的血液流入老年鼠体内，促发了年轻化的改变
Based on further experiments, Wagers suspects these blood components may prompt the repair of the old mice's worn-out cells by blocking a hormone called insulin-like growth factor 1, which has been implicated in the ageing process. IGF-1 accelerated ageing in mouse niche cells, as the team expected, and when the researchers injected antibodies that neutralise IGF-1 into the bone marrows of old mice, the niche and stem cells remained young.
在更进一步的实验中，Wagers推测这些血液组分可能通过阻断一种激素--胰岛素样生长因子1（ IGF-1）--促进了老年鼠的衰竭细胞的修复，这种激素被认为参与衰老进程。如团队期望的那样， IGF-1加速了老鼠壁龛细胞的衰老进程，当研究者们注射抗体中和老年鼠骨髓中的IGF-1时，壁龛细胞和干细胞保持了年轻状态。
It's not safe, though, to slow ageing in old people by injecting antibodies into the bone marrow that neutralise IGF-1, says Wagers. That's because IGF-1 is vital for muscle and bone growth and antibodies might leak into the rest of the body. Instead, her team is now looking for a way to block the chemical signal that switches on IGF-1 production, exclusively in the bone marrow.
Wagers说，通过注射抗体中和骨髓中的IGF-1来减缓人体衰老进程的方法是不安全的，因为这些抗体有可能会漏出到人体骨髓意外的其他部位，而IGF-1对肌肉和骨骼的生长非常重要。她的团队现在正在寻找一种方法，可以阻断IGF-1产生的化学信号，这种化学信号只在骨髓中存在。
Attempting to slow ageing using blood transfusions from young people, to mimic more directly what happened in the yoked mice, is also out, says Wagers. A "one-off" exposure to the relevant blood factors won't reverse ageing, it would need to be constant.
Wagers说，通过直接模拟联体小鼠模式采用输注年轻人血液的方式来试图延缓衰老进程的方法也不可行。一次性的输入有关血液因子不会逆转衰老进程，持续输入才有效。
http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20527453.900-elixir-of-youth-lurks-in-blood-of-conjoined-mice.html

2010-02-04 10:04

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• 【规培笔记128】—工作报告偶遇，颅脑MR，据说工作中很罕见——肾性脑病！

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编译如下：
哈佛大学干细胞研究所实验：“血脉相通”让实验鼠返老还童
2010年2月1日 Andy Coghlan

一项特别的实验为有朝一日老年躯体新生带来了希望，在这个实验中，老年鼠和幼年鼠血供联通如同他们是联体双婴一样。

Amy Wagers在哈佛干细胞研究所（波士顿，麻省）带领的团队发现幼年动物血液中的某些成分似乎可以使老年鼠骨髓中的衰老血液干细胞重新恢复活力。同时受益的还有骨髓中营养、支持和激活血液干细胞的“壁龛细胞”。

老年鼠比幼年鼠制造更多的血液干细胞和壁龛细胞，但是很多是有缺陷的，不能像幼年个体中的这些细胞那样有效修复机体。Wagers说：“老年鼠有太多血液干细胞和壁龛细胞的原因，可能是试图补偿其功能上的缺陷。”老年鼠也制造了太多的骨髓细胞，其功能与炎症和癌症的发生有关，而参与组织修复的淋巴细胞则太少了。

但是当Wagers的团队将21月龄的老年鼠与2月龄的幼年鼠血供联通之后，所有这些与年龄相关的改变逆转了：这些老鼠制造骨髓细胞少了，而淋巴细胞多了(Nature, DOI: 10.1038/nature08749)。研究者总结说，幼年鼠血液内的某一种组分进入到老年鼠体内促发了这种年轻化的改变，哪种组分尚未确定。

幼年鼠的血液流入老年鼠体内促发年轻化

在更进一步的实验中，Wagers推测这些血液组分可能通过阻断激素胰岛素样生长因子1（ IGF-1）促进了老年鼠的衰竭细胞的修复，这种激素被认为参与衰老进程。如团队期望的那样， IGF-1加速了老鼠壁龛细胞的衰老进程，当研究者们注射抗体中和老年鼠骨髓中的IGF-1时，壁龛细胞和干细胞保持了年轻状态。

Wagers说，通过注射抗体中和骨髓中的IGF-1来减缓人体衰老进程的方法是不安全的，因为这些抗体有可能会漏出到人体骨髓意外的其他部位，而IGF-1对肌肉和骨骼的生长非常重要。她的团队现在正在寻找一种方法，可以阻断IGF-1起始制造的化学信号，这种化学信号只在骨髓中存在。

Wagers说，通过直接模拟联体小鼠模式采用输注年轻人血液的方式来试图延缓衰老进程的方法也不可行。一次性的输入有关血液因子不会逆转衰老进程，持续输入才有效。
http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20527453.900-elixir-of-youth-lurks-in-blood-of-conjoined-mice.html

2010-02-04 10:14

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