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【medical-news】【资讯翻译】艾滋病疫苗临床试验组织（HVTN）揭示疫苗研究的十个秘密

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这个帖子发布于9年零64天前，其中的信息可能已发生改变或有所发展。
http://www.news-medical.net/news/20111118/HVTN-debunks-top-10-myths-about-HIV-vaccine-research.aspx
认领翻译的战友请跟帖注明，"认领本文翻译，48小时内未完成，请其他站友认领"
HVTN debunks top 10 myths about HIV vaccine research

Dec. 1 is World AIDS Day, and in commemoration of the occasion, the HIV Vaccine Trials Network, headquartered at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, debunks the top 10 myths about HIV vaccine research.

Myth No. 1: HIV vaccines can give people HIV. HIV vaccines do not contain HIV and therefore a person cannot get HIV from the HIV vaccine. Some vaccines, like those for typhoid or polio, may contain a weak form of the virus they are protecting against, but this is not the case for HIV vaccines. Scientists make HIV vaccines so that they look like the real virus, but they do not contain any HIV. Think of it like a photocopy: It might look similar, but it isn't the original. In the past 25 years more than 30,000 volunteers have taken part in HIV vaccine studies worldwide, and no one has been infected with HIV by any of the vaccines tested - because they do not contain HIV.

Myth No. 2: An HIV vaccine already exists. There is no licensed vaccine against HIV or AIDS, but scientists are getting closer than ever before to developing an effective vaccine against HIV. In 2009, a large-scale vaccine study conducted in Thailand called RV144 showed that a vaccine combination could prevent about 32 percent of new infections. Researchers are starting to understand why this vaccine combination worked and how to improve upon it.

Researchers around the world continue to search for an HIV vaccine that is even more effective. Leading this effort is the HIV Vaccine Trials Network, the largest publicly funded group of HIV vaccine researchers in the world. The HVTN is an international effort to find a safe and effective vaccine to stop the spread of HIV. It is funded by the U. S. National Institutes of Health.

Myth No. 3: Joining an HIV-vaccine study is like being a guinea pig. Unlike guinea pigs, people can say yes or no to participating in research. All study volunteers must go through a process called informed consent that ensures they understand all of the risks and benefits of being in a study, and those volunteers are reminded that they may leave a study at any time without losing rights or benefits. The HVTN takes great care in making sure people understand the study fully before they decide whether or not join. All HVTN research adheres to U.S. federal regulations on research, as well as the international standards for the countries in which it conducts research.

Myth No. 4: A person must be HIV positive to be in an HIV vaccine study. Not so. While some research groups are conducting studies of vaccines that might be used in people who are already infected with HIV, the vaccines being tested by the HVTN are preventive vaccines. They must be tested on volunteers who are not infected with HIV.

Myth No. 5: Vaccine researchers want study participants to practice unsafe behaviors so they can see whether the vaccine really works. Not true. The safety of study participants is the No. 1 priority of HIV vaccine researchers and study site staff. Trained counselors work with study participants to help them develop an individual plan on how to keep from contracting HIV. Participants also are given supplies such as condoms and lubricant as well as instructions on how to use them properly. HIV efficacy trials enroll thousands of participants over several years, and with even with the best counseling some participants will still become infected through their risky behavior. Changing human behavior is never easy; after all, many people still smoke, even though it is widely known that smoking is the major cause of lung cancer. An AIDS epidemic would not exist if prevention was as simple as counseling people to change their risky behavior.

Myth No. 6: Now that there are pills that can prevent HIV infection, an HIV vaccine is no longer necessary. HIV-negative people who are at high risk can take antiretroviral medication daily to try to lower their chances of becoming infected if they are exposed to the virus. This type of therapy - called PrEP, short for PreExposure Prophylaxis - has been shown to be effective among those at high risk. However, it has not yet been recommended for widespread use. PrEP is unlikely to be an option for everyone because the pills are expensive and are not always covered by insurance, may cause side effects, and not everyone has access to them. Remembering to take a pill every day is also challenging for some people. The most effective way to eliminate a disease is by using an effective vaccine. It was a vaccine that eliminated small pox and has almost eliminated polio. Most likely it will be an HIV vaccine that eliminates HIV from the world. Vaccines are an effective, affordable and practical option.

Myth No. 7: An HIV vaccine is unnecessary because AIDS is easily treated and controlled, just like diabetes. While treatment for AIDS has dramatically improved over the last 30 years, it is no substitute for prevention. Current HIV medications are very expensive, and there are also many side effects. Sometimes people develop drug resistance and have to change the regimen of pills they take. Access to these drugs for the uninsured in the U.S. and those in the developing world is also very limited.

Myth No. 8: The search for an HIV vaccine has been going on for a long time and it's just not possible to find one that works. The science of HIV-vaccine development is challenging, but scientific understanding continues to improve all the time. In just the past two years there have been promising results from the RV144 study in Thailand as well as exciting laboratory work, such as the discovery of new broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV. HIV is a powerful opponent, but scientists are constantly learning from one another and using advanced technology to fight it. Science has come a long way in the 30 years since AIDS was discovered. In comparing preventive HIV vaccine work to other vaccine development, the time it has taken is not so surprising; the polio vaccine took 47 years to develop.

Myth No. 9: Vaccines cause autism and just aren't safe. This is not true. Numerous studies in the past decade have found this claim to be false. The British doctor who originally published the finding about vaccines and autism has since been found to have falsified his data. There is actually no link between childhood vaccination and autism. It is true that vaccines often have side effects, but those are typically temporary (like a sore arm, low fever, muscle aches and pains) and go away after a day or two. The value of protection to vaccinated individuals and to the public has made vaccines one of the top public health measures in history, second only to having a clean water supply.

Myth No. 10: People who aren't at risk don't need an HIV vaccine. A person currently may not be at risk for HIV, but life situations can change along with disease risk. Such a vaccine also may be important for one's children or other family members and friends. By being knowledgeable about preventive HIV vaccine research, a person can be part of the solution by educating friends and family about the importance of such research and debunking the myths that surround it. Even if a person is not at risk, he or she can be part of the effort to find a vaccine that will hopefully save the lives of millions of people worldwide. To learn more or find out how to get involved in an HIV vaccine study, please visit www.hvtn.org
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2011-11-19 13:52
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HVTN debunks top 10 myths about HIV vaccine research
人免疫缺陷病毒疫苗临床试验组织（HVTN）推翻HIV疫苗研究的十大传言

Dec. 1 is World AIDS Day, and in commemoration of the occasion, the HIV Vaccine Trials Network, headquartered at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, debunks the top 10 myths about HIV vaccine research.
12月1日是世界艾滋病日，为了纪念这个盛会，总部位于佛瑞德·哈金森癌症研究中心的人免疫缺陷病毒疫苗临床试验组织（HVTN）推翻HIV疫苗研究的十大传言。

Myth No. 1: HIV vaccines can give people HIV. HIV vaccines do not contain HIV and therefore a person cannot get HIV from the HIV vaccine. Some vaccines, like those for typhoid or polio, may contain a weak form of the virus they are protecting against, but this is not the case for HIV vaccines. Scientists make HIV vaccines so that they look like the real virus, but they do not contain any HIV. Think of it like a photocopy: It might look similar, but it isn't the original. In the past 25 years more than 30,000 volunteers have taken part in HIV vaccine studies worldwide, and no one has been infected with HIV by any of the vaccines tested - because they do not contain HIV.
传言1. 人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）疫苗可使人感染艾滋病。HIV疫苗不含有HIV病毒，所以人不可能通过接种疫苗获得HIV。有些疫苗，例如伤寒疫苗或脊髓灰质炎疫苗，其中可能含有它们想要免疫的病毒的另一种毒力弱的形式（减毒活疫苗），但是HIV疫苗不是这样的。科学家研制的HIV疫苗看起来和HIV病毒很相像，但是其实不含任何HIV病毒的成分。就像影印件一样：它看起来好像一样，但并不是原版。过去的25年中，全世界超过3万人次的志愿者参与了HIV疫苗的研究，没有1人因为这种试验性疫苗感染艾滋病--因为疫苗之中不含有HIV病毒。

Myth No. 2: An HIV vaccine already exists. There is no licensed vaccine against HIV or AIDS, but scientists are getting closer than ever before to developing an effective vaccine against HIV. In 2009, a large-scale vaccine study conducted in Thailand called RV144 showed that a vaccine combination could prevent about 32 percent of new infections. Researchers are starting to understand why this vaccine combination worked and how to improve upon it.
传言2. HIV疫苗已经存在。事实上并没有针对人免疫缺陷病毒或艾滋病的疫苗注册在案，不过科学家们在研发有效的HIV疫苗的道路上已经前所未有地接近胜利。2009年，一项在泰国进行的代号RV144的大型疫苗研究显示一种混合疫苗可以减少32%的新发感染。研究者们开始了解为什么这种混合疫苗能发挥作用，怎样才能加以改进。

Researchers around the world continue to search for an HIV vaccine that is even more effective. Leading this effort is the HIV Vaccine Trials Network, the largest publicly funded group of HIV vaccine researchers in the world. The HVTN is an international effort to find a safe and effective vaccine to stop the spread of HIV. It is funded by the U. S. National Institutes of Health.
全球研究者们继续寻找着更为有效的HIV疫苗。人免疫缺陷病毒疫苗临床试验组织（HVTN），世界上研究HIV疫苗的最大公立组织，正起着带头作用。HVTN是寻求一种安全、有效的疫苗来阻止艾滋病毒的蔓延的国际力量，它是由美国国家健康学会资助的。

Myth No. 3: Joining an HIV-vaccine study is like being a guinea pig. Unlike guinea pigs, people can say yes or no to participating in research. All study volunteers must go through a process called informed consent that ensures they understand all of the risks and benefits of being in a study, and those volunteers are reminded that they may leave a study at any time without losing rights or benefits. The HVTN takes great care in making sure people understand the study fully before they decide whether or not join. All HVTN research adheres to U.S. federal regulations on research, as well as the international standards for the countries in which it conducts research.
传言3. 参与HIV疫苗研究就是当荷兰鼠。与荷兰鼠不同，在参与研究的过程中，人们可以说是或不。所有的试验志愿者需要经历知情同意的过程，确保他们理解参与试验的所有风险和益处，他们会被告知：他们可以在试验的任何阶段选择退出，且权利和利益不受影响。HVTN强调在人们决定要不要加入试验之前，需要让他们充分理解这项研究。所有HVTN研究都符合美国联邦法规及所有进行研究地国家的国际标准。

Myth No. 4: A person must be HIV positive to be in an HIV vaccine study. Not so. While some research groups are conducting studies of vaccines that might be used in people who are already infected with HIV, the vaccines being tested by the HVTN are preventive vaccines. They must be tested on volunteers who are not infected with HIV.
传言4. HIV阳性的人才能参与HIV疫苗研究。并不是这样的。有些研究组织研究疫苗，是可以用于已经感染HIV病毒的患者身上的；但是HVTN研究的是预防性的疫苗。它们必须在未感染HIV的志愿者身上进行试验。

Myth No. 5: Vaccine researchers want study participants to practice unsafe behaviors so they can see whether the vaccine really works. Not true. The safety of study participants is the No. 1 priority of HIV vaccine researchers and study site staff. Trained counselors work with study participants to help them develop an individual plan on how to keep from contracting HIV. Participants also are given supplies such as condoms and lubricant as well as instructions on how to use them properly. HIV efficacy trials enroll thousands of participants over several years, and with even with the best counseling some participants will still become infected through their risky behavior. Changing human behavior is never easy; after all, many people still smoke, even though it is widely known that smoking is the major cause of lung cancer. An AIDS epidemic would not exist if prevention was as simple as counseling people to change their risky behavior.
传言5. 疫苗研究者需要试验参与者进行不安全（性）行为，来观察疫苗是否有效。不是真的。试验参与者的安全在HIV疫苗研究者和研究基地人员的心中是头等大事。训练有素的咨询师与试验参与者一起工作，以帮助他们制定避免接触HIV病毒的个人计划。参与者们也可以获得避孕套、润滑剂的供应，还有如何正确使用的指导。HIV药效试验在过去几年招募了上千名试验参与者，尽管有最佳的指导，仍有一些参与者因为他们的危险行为感染了艾滋病。改变人类的行为从来就不是件容易的事；尽管大家都知道吸烟是肺癌的主要原因，仍然有许多人吸烟。如果只需要劝告人们改变危险行为就能达到预防作用，艾滋病就不会流行了。

Myth No. 6: Now that there are pills that can prevent HIV infection, an HIV vaccine is no longer necessary. HIV-negative people who are at high risk can take antiretroviral medication daily to try to lower their chances of becoming infected if they are exposed to the virus. This type of therapy - called PrEP, short for PreExposure Prophylaxis - has been shown to be effective among those at high risk. However, it has not yet been recommended for widespread use. PrEP is unlikely to be an option for everyone because the pills are expensive and are not always covered by insurance, may cause side effects, and not everyone has access to them. Remembering to take a pill every day is also challenging for some people. The most effective way to eliminate a disease is by using an effective vaccine. It was a vaccine that eliminated small pox and has almost eliminated polio. Most likely it will be an HIV vaccine that eliminates HIV from the world. Vaccines are an effective, affordable and practical option.
传言6. 既然有了可以避免HIV病毒感染的药物，就不需要HIV疫苗了。在暴露于病毒的情况下时，HIV阴性的高风险人群可以通过每天服用抗反转录病毒药物来降低他们的感染机会。这种称为PrEP的疗法，即“暴露前预防”，已经被证实在高危人群中有效。但是，这种疗法不推荐广泛使用。PrEP疗法不适合每人使用，因为：这些药品很昂贵，医保不覆盖；可能有很多副作用；不是每人都能获得的。对一些人来说，记住每天吃一颗药也很难做到。消除疾病的最有效方法就是接种有效的疫苗。正是疫苗消除了天花，并基本消除了小儿麻痹症。HIV疫苗最有可能消除艾滋病。疫苗是最有效的，可负担的，实用的选择。

Myth No. 7: An HIV vaccine is unnecessary because AIDS is easily treated and controlled, just like diabetes. While treatment for AIDS has dramatically improved over the last 30 years, it is no substitute for prevention. Current HIV medications are very expensive, and there are also many side effects. Sometimes people develop drug resistance and have to change the regimen of pills they take. Access to these drugs for the uninsured in the U.S. and those in the developing world is also very limited.
传言7. HIV疫苗并不需要，因为艾滋病就像糖尿病那样可以方便地治疗和控制。虽然艾滋病治疗在过去30年有了戏剧般的改进，它并不能代替预防。现有的抗HIV药物十分昂贵，而且副作用很多。一些患者产生了耐药性，不得不改变他们的药物治疗方案。对于美国无医疗保险的患者及发展中国家的患者来说，获得药物仍十分困难。

Myth No. 8: The search for an HIV vaccine has been going on for a long time and it's just not possible to find one that works. The science of HIV-vaccine development is challenging, but scientific understanding continues to improve all the time. In just the past two years there have been promising results from the RV144 study in Thailand as well as exciting laboratory work, such as the discovery of new broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV. HIV is a powerful opponent, but scientists are constantly learning from one another and using advanced technology to fight it. Science has come a long way in the 30 years since AIDS was discovered. In comparing preventive HIV vaccine work to other vaccine development, the time it has taken is not so surprising; the polio vaccine took 47 years to develop.
传言8. 人们已经寻找HIV疫苗很长时间了，不可能找到了。制作HIV疫苗的科学很有挑战性，但是科学的认识始终在发展。在刚刚过去的两年里，在泰国的RV144试验以及令人兴奋的实验室工作，例如新发现的对抗HIV的广泛中和抗体，都有了前途光明的成果。HIV病毒是一个强大的对手，但是科学家们正不断地学习，采用先进的技术来与之战斗。

Myth No. 9: Vaccines cause autism and just aren't safe. This is not true. Numerous studies in the past decade have found this claim to be false. The British doctor who originally published the finding about vaccines and autism has since been found to have falsified his data. There is actually no link between childhood vaccination and autism. It is true that vaccines often have side effects, but those are typically temporary (like a sore arm, low fever, muscle aches and pains) and go away after a day or two. The value of protection to vaccinated individuals and to the public has made vaccines one of the top public health measures in history, second only to having a clean water supply.
传言9. 疫苗导致自闭症，是不安全的。这是不对的。在过去的十年里，不计其数的研究已经证实这种说法是错误的。最早出版这份有关疫苗和自闭症的声明的英国医生已经被发现伪造数据。自闭症及儿童期接种疫苗实际上是没有关联的。疫苗通常有副作用是真的，但这些副作用通常是暂时的（如酸痛的手臂，低烧，肌肉疼痛及其他疼痛），而且会在一至两天内消失。疫苗对已接种人群及公众的保护作用已经使疫苗称为历史上最重要的公众健康措施之一，仅次于拥有干净的用水供应。

Myth No. 10: People who aren't at risk don't need an HIV vaccine. A person currently may not be at risk for HIV, but life situations can change along with disease risk. Such a vaccine also may be important for one's children or other family members and friends. By being knowledgeable about preventive HIV vaccine research, a person can be part of the solution by educating friends and family about the importance of such research and debunking the myths that surround it. Even if a person is not at risk, he or she can be part of the effort to find a vaccine that will hopefully save the lives of millions of people worldwide. To learn more or find out how to get involved in an HIV vaccine study, please visit www.hvtn.org
传言10. 非危险人群不需要接种HIV疫苗。人们可能现在没有HIV危险性，但是疾病危险性会随着生活环境而改变。疫苗对人们的孩子、其他家庭成员及朋友都很重要。通过了解预防性的HIV疫苗研究，人们可以教育家人和朋友这项研究的重要性，识破关于这项研究的传言。即使不是危险人群，人们也可以参与寻找疫苗，因为这可以拯救全球上百万人的生命。想要知道更多或知道怎样参与HIV疫苗研究，请访问www.hvtn.org。

人免疫缺陷病毒疫苗临床试验组织（HVTN）推翻HIV疫苗研究的十大传言（1960字）

12月1日是世界艾滋病日，为了纪念这个盛会，总部位于佛瑞德·哈金森癌症研究中心的人免疫缺陷病毒疫苗临床试验组织（HVTN）推翻了HIV疫苗研究的十大传言。

传言1. 人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）疫苗可使人感染艾滋病。HIV疫苗不含有HIV病毒，所以人不可能通过接种疫苗获得HIV。有些疫苗，例如伤寒疫苗或脊髓灰质炎疫苗，其中可能含有它们想要免疫的病毒的另一种毒力弱的形式（减毒活疫苗），但是HIV疫苗不是这样的。科学家研制的HIV疫苗看起来和HIV病毒很相像，但是其实不含任何HIV病毒的成分。就像影印件一样：它看起来好像一样，但并不是原版。过去的25年中，全世界超过3万人次的志愿者参与了HIV疫苗的研究，没有1人因为这种试验性疫苗感染艾滋病--因为疫苗之中不含有HIV病毒。

传言2. HIV疫苗已经存在。事实上并没有针对人免疫缺陷病毒或艾滋病的疫苗注册在案，不过科学家们研发有效的HIV疫苗已经指日可待。2009年，一项在泰国进行的代号RV144的大型疫苗研究显示一种混合疫苗可以减少32%的新发感染。研究者们开始了解为什么这种混合疫苗能发挥作用，怎样才能加以改进。

传言3. 参与HIV疫苗研究就是当荷兰鼠。与荷兰鼠不同，在参与研究的过程中，人们可以有选择。所有的试验志愿者需要经历知情同意的过程，确保他们理解参与试验的所有风险和益处，他们会被告知：他们可以在试验的任何阶段选择退出，且权利和利益不受影响。HVTN强调在人们决定要不要加入试验之前，需要让他们充分理解这项研究。所有HVTN研究都符合美国联邦法规及所有进行研究地国家的国际标准。

传言4. HIV阳性的人才能参与HIV疫苗研究。并不是这样的。有些研究组织研究疫苗，是可以用于已经感染HIV病毒的患者身上的；但是HVTN研究的是预防性的疫苗。它们必须在未感染HIV的志愿者身上进行试验。

传言5. 疫苗研究者需要试验参与者进行不安全（性）行为，来观察疫苗是否有效。不是真的。试验参与者的安全在HIV疫苗研究者和研究基地人员的心中是头等大事。训练有素的咨询师与试验参与者一起工作，以帮助他们制定避免接触HIV病毒的个人计划。参与者们也可以获得避孕套、润滑剂的供应，还有如何正确使用的指导。HIV药效试验在过去几年招募了上千名试验参与者，尽管有最佳的指导，仍有一些参与者因为他们的危险行为感染了艾滋病。改变人类的行为从来就不是件容易的事；尽管大家都知道吸烟是肺癌的主要原因，仍然有许多人吸烟。如果只需要劝告人们改变危险行为就能达到预防作用，艾滋病就不会流行了。

传言6. 既然有了可以避免HIV病毒感染的药物，就不需要HIV疫苗了。在暴露于病毒的情况下时，HIV阴性的高风险人群可以通过每天服用抗反转录病毒药物来降低他们的感染机会。这种称为PrEP的疗法，即“暴露前预防”，已经被证实在高危人群中有效。但是，这种疗法不推荐广泛使用。PrEP疗法不适合每人使用，因为：这些药品很昂贵，医保不覆盖；可能有很多副作用；不是每人都能获得的。对一些人来说，记住每天吃一颗药也很难做到。消除疾病的最有效方法就是接种有效的疫苗。正是疫苗消除了天花，并基本消除了小儿麻痹症。HIV疫苗最有可能消除艾滋病。疫苗是最有效的，可负担的，实用的选择。

传言7. HIV疫苗并不需要，因为艾滋病就像糖尿病那样可以方便地治疗和控制。虽然艾滋病治疗在过去30年有了戏剧般的改进，它并不能代替预防。现有的抗HIV药物十分昂贵，而且副作用很多。一些患者产生了耐药性，不得不改变他们的药物治疗方案。对于美国无医疗保险的患者及发展中国家的患者来说，获得药物仍十分困难。

传言8. 人们已经寻找HIV疫苗已经很久，不可能找到了。制作HIV疫苗的科学很有挑战性，但是科学的认识始终在发展。在刚刚过去的两年里，在泰国的RV144试验以及令人兴奋的实验室工作，例如新发现的对抗HIV的广泛中和抗体，都有了前途光明的成果。HIV病毒是一个强大的对手，但是科学家们正不断地学习，采用先进的技术来与之战斗。

传言9. 疫苗导致自闭症，是不安全的。这是不对的。在过去的十年里，不计其数的研究已经证实这种说法是错误的。最早出版这份有关疫苗和自闭症的声明的英国医生已经被发现伪造数据。自闭症及儿童期接种疫苗实际上是没有关联的。疫苗通常有副作用是真的，但这些副作用通常是暂时的（如酸痛的手臂，低烧，肌肉疼痛及其他疼痛），而且会在一至两天内消失。疫苗对已接种人群及公众的保护作用已经使疫苗称为历史上最重要的公众健康措施之一，仅次于拥有干净的用水供应。

传言10. 非危险人群不需要接种HIV疫苗。人们可能现在没有HIV危险性，但是疾病危险性会随着生活环境而改变。疫苗对人们的孩子、其他家庭成员及朋友都很重要。通过了解预防性的HIV疫苗研究，人们可以教育家人和朋友这项研究的重要性，识破关于这项研究的传言。即使不是危险人群，人们也可以参与寻找疫苗，因为这可以拯救全球上百万人的生命。想要知道更多或知道怎样参与HIV疫苗研究，请访问www.hvtn.org。
2011-11-19 16:53
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谢谢easy_wind的参与，这么快就搞定了。
2011-11-19 17:43
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