发帖
每发1个新帖
可以获得0.5个丁当奖励
回帖

【medical-news】科学家发现记忆的关键

只看楼主
页码直达：
直达末页

楼主

丁香园准中级站友

1楼

这个帖子发布于13年零101天前，其中的信息可能已发生改变或有所发展。

http://www.thestar.com/News/article/199953

Scientists find key to memory

Memory has been called "the sublime miracle" of the mind – and a team of Canadian scientists believes it has pinpointed what may be the molecular master switch that underlies our ability for long-term recall.

What's more, they hope their discovery will lead to a drug that can help people with Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia, whose ability to remember is increasingly impaired.

The researchers, led by molecular biologist Nahum Sonenberg of McGill University, discovered that laboratory mice with a mutation to a certain gene have an enhanced ability to learn and remember compared to normal mice.

The gene in question normally increases levels of a natural memory-blocking protein. In the genetically altered mice, less of that inhibiting protein is produced, allowing the animals to process learning faster and to remember longer.

"What we have done is make a mouse that has a mutation in one gene and this gene makes a protein that controls the speed at which other proteins in the cells are made," Sonenberg said from Montreal. "When you have the mutation, you make less of a protein that inhibits learning and memory."

"Because you make less, you have a better memory."

The next step is to look for a compound that would mimic the effects of the gene mutation – in other words, a pill that boosts the ability to remember.

"If such a pill could be generated, it might provide a new method for treating people with memory-related diseases such as Alzheimer's," said Mauro Costa-Mattioli, a senior postdoctoral fellow in Sonenberg's lab. "While a drug that worked in this way wouldn't cure the disease itself, it might rescue the symptoms of memory loss."

Memories are formed when the repeated activation of brain cells leads to a strengthening of neural connections, or synapses, a process known as synaptic plasticity.

Both memory and synaptic plasticity have two components – one that allows short-term memory, lasting minutes to hours, and a second that follows repetitive training. The latter activates mechanisms that stabilize nerve connections, resulting in memory that lasts days, weeks or years.

To conduct their study, published in Friday's issue of the journal Cell, the scientists compared the performance of mice with the altered gene to normal mice in a series of standard lab tests.

One of those tests involves teaching the animals to locate a platform hidden in a maze set up in a water tank. After six days of training, the normal mice were able to swim to the platform in about 50 seconds, guided by a series of symbols on the walls and ceiling of the maze the animals had seen while learning to navigate the course.

"Now if you take the `smart mouse,' as we call it, you cut it (the time) in half," said Sonenberg of the genetically altered animals. "Now it's about 25 to 30 seconds. So it's better than the normal mouse."

"In all these tests, the genetic mice had better memories. They learned faster."

Dr. Weihong Song, Canada Research Chair in Alzheimer's Disease at the University of British Columbia, said scientists have known for some time that gene expression and proteins are involved in memory formation and learning, but the basic mechanisms have not been fully defined.

"I think this is a great paper and a great finding and a very good step in the right direction," Song said from Vancouver. "It demonstrates that one of the molecules has a major effect on memory formation and in particular in long-term memory."

"And it gives us some clues how to design some of the (compounds) that maybe can be used as memory-enhancing drugs, which will benefit some of the memory-related disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and other aging-related dementias."

Being able to tinker with the molecular master switch for long-term recall also raises the notion of a pill to ramp up memory capacity in the average person.

But Sonenberg said that idea has to be approached with caution, since the molecule being targeted plays myriad other roles in the body, including in organs such as the pancreas and liver.

"With Alzheimer's (patients), they have a severe block in memory, and if you can increase it by even 10 or 20 per cent . . . it would be a huge benefit," he said.

"For the average person, it could be a benefit, but we don't know. That's why we have to do research."

邀请讨论

搜索

2007-04-06 07:56 浏览 : 509 回复 : 4

投票
收藏
打赏
引用
分享
- 微信扫一扫
- 新浪微博
- 丁香客
- 复制网址
举报
- 广告宣传推广
- 政治敏感、违法虚假信息
- 恶意灌水、重复发帖
- 违规侵权、站友争执
- 附件异常、链接失效
- 其他

• 你遇到过难度最大的手术或病例是怎样的？

ginnyran

丁香园荣誉版主

2楼

本人已认领该文编译，48小时后若未提交译文，请其他战友自由认领。

2007-04-06 08:27

投票
收藏
打赏
引用
分享
- 微信扫一扫
- 新浪微博
- 丁香客
- 复制网址
举报
- 广告宣传推广
- 政治敏感、违法虚假信息
- 恶意灌水、重复发帖
- 违规侵权、站友争执
- 附件异常、链接失效
- 其他

• 专门搞一个跑步的帖子吧

ginnyran

丁香园荣誉版主

+1 积分
3楼

http://www.thestar.com/News/article/199953

Scientists find key to memory
科学家发现记忆的关键

Memory has been called "the sublime miracle" of the mind – and a team of Canadian scientists believes it has pinpointed what may be the molecular master switch that underlies our ability for long-term recall.
记忆被称为精神的“卓越奇迹”――而且由加拿大科学家组成的一个小组相信在我们长期记忆能力之下的分子总开关问题变得突出起来。

What's more, they hope their discovery will lead to a drug that can help people with Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia, whose ability to remember is increasingly impaired.
另外，他们希望其发现结果将引出一种可以帮助老年痴呆症及其他形式痴呆患者的药物，这些患者的记忆能力逐渐的被损害。

The researchers, led by molecular biologist Nahum Sonenberg of McGill University, discovered that laboratory mice with a mutation to a certain gene have an enhanced ability to learn and remember compared to normal mice.
由McGill大学的分子生物学家Nahum Sonenberg领导的研究人员发现，相比于正常小鼠，有某些基因突变的试验小鼠学习和记忆能力都增强。

The gene in question normally increases levels of a natural memory-blocking protein. In the genetically altered mice, less of that inhibiting protein is produced, allowing the animals to process learning faster and to remember longer.
正在被讨论的该基因，其在正常情况下会增加一种天然记忆阻断蛋白水平。而对于遗传变异小鼠，产生这种抑制蛋白较少，使得动物学习的更快，记忆的更久。

"What we have done is make a mouse that has a mutation in one gene and this gene makes a protein that controls the speed at which other proteins in the cells are made," Sonenberg said from Montreal. "When you have the mutation, you make less of a protein that inhibits learning and memory."
Sonenberg在蒙特利尔说，“我们已经制作了一只基因突变小鼠，且该基因能产生一种控制细胞中其他蛋白合成的蛋白质”。“当出现这种变异，产生抑制学习和记忆的蛋白就会比较少。”

"Because you make less, you have a better memory."
“因为生成此种蛋白少，所以记忆力会比较好。”

The next step is to look for a compound that would mimic the effects of the gene mutation – in other words, a pill that boosts the ability to remember.
下一步是寻找可以模仿这种基因突变作用的化合物――也就是说，一种可以提高记忆力的药片。

"If such a pill could be generated, it might provide a new method for treating people with memory-related diseases such as Alzheimer's," said Mauro Costa-Mattioli, a senior postdoctoral fellow in Sonenberg's lab. "While a drug that worked in this way wouldn't cure the disease itself, it might rescue the symptoms of memory loss."
Sonenberg实验室的一位资深博士后同事Mauro Costa－Mattioli说，“如果这种药片可以生产出来，它可以为那些有记忆相关疾病如老年痴呆患者提供新的治疗方法”。“虽然这种作用机制药物不能治愈疾病本身，但它能缓解记忆丧失症状。”

Memories are formed when the repeated activation of brain cells leads to a strengthening of neural connections, or synapses, a process known as synaptic plasticity.
当重复激活脑细胞以形成固定的神经联系时，就形成了记忆力，或者重复刺激突触也能形成这种联系，这个过程叫做突触可塑性。

Both memory and synaptic plasticity have two components – one that allows short-term memory, lasting minutes to hours, and a second that follows repetitive training. The latter activates mechanisms that stabilize nerve connections, resulting in memory that lasts days, weeks or years.
记忆力和突触可塑性都有两个组成部分――一种允许短时间记忆，持续数分钟或数小时，第二种在重复的训练后形成。后者激活机制使神经联系稳定，最后导致记忆持续数天，数周或数年。

To conduct their study, published in Friday's issue of the journal Cell, the scientists compared the performance of mice with the altered gene to normal mice in a series of standard lab tests.
《细胞》杂志周五刊发表了一篇文章，为了指导研究，科学家通过一系列标准实验室检验比较了基因变异小鼠与正常小鼠的行为。

One of those tests involves teaching the animals to locate a platform hidden in a maze set up in a water tank. After six days of training, the normal mice were able to swim to the platform in about 50 seconds, guided by a series of symbols on the walls and ceiling of the maze the animals had seen while learning to navigate the course.
其中一项测试包括训练动物找到藏在迷宫中的踏板，该装置设置在一个水箱中。在六天的训练后，正常小鼠可以通过迷宫墙上和天花板上一系列的标志指引在约50秒内游到踏板处，这些标志在动物学习导航课程时曾看到。

"Now if you take the `smart mouse,' as we call it, you cut it (the time) in half," said Sonenberg of the genetically altered animals. "Now it's about 25 to 30 seconds. So it's better than the normal mouse."
Sonenberg提到这些遗传变异动物，“现在，如果你用我们称为‘聪明老鼠’的老鼠来试验，你仅需要一半时间”。“现在大约是25到30秒。它的表现比正常小鼠要好。”

"In all these tests, the genetic mice had better memories. They learned faster."
“在这些所有测试中，遗传变异小鼠记忆力更好。它们学习的更快。”

Dr. Weihong Song, Canada Research Chair in Alzheimer's Disease at the University of British Columbia, said scientists have known for some time that gene expression and proteins are involved in memory formation and learning, but the basic mechanisms have not been fully defined.
不列颠哥伦比亚大学老年痴呆症加拿大研究主席Weihong Song博士说，之前科学家就已经知道基因表达和蛋白质都与记忆的形成及学习有关，但是基础理论还没有被完全证实。

"I think this is a great paper and a great finding and a very good step in the right direction," Song said from Vancouver. "It demonstrates that one of the molecules has a major effect on memory formation and in particular in long-term memory."
Song在温哥华说“我认为这是项大论文课题及巨大发现，而且在正确的方向上迈进一步”。“它证明了一种分子在记忆形成中，特别是在长期记忆形成中的主要作用。”

"And it gives us some clues how to design some of the (compounds) that maybe can be used as memory-enhancing drugs, which will benefit some of the memory-related disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and other aging-related dementias."
“而且它为我们提供了一些怎样设计可做记忆增强剂化合物的线索，这些药物将对一些记忆障碍例如老年痴呆症和其他与年龄有关的痴呆有益。”

Being able to tinker with the molecular master switch for long-term recall also raises the notion of a pill to ramp up memory capacity in the average person.
用分子总开关可以修补长期记忆，也提出了一种增强普通人记忆力药物的概念。

But Sonenberg said that idea has to be approached with caution, since the molecule being targeted plays myriad other roles in the body, including in organs such as the pancreas and liver.
但是Sonenberg说，这个想法处理起来要谨慎，因为靶向分子在身体中还起很多其他作用，包括在器官中起作用，例如胰腺和肝脏。

"With Alzheimer's (patients), they have a severe block in memory, and if you can increase it by even 10 or 20 per cent . . . it would be a huge benefit," he said.
他说“对于老年痴呆患者，他们在记忆方面有严重障碍，并且，如果你即使增强10%到20%的记忆力… 也将是巨大的帮助”。

"For the average person, it could be a benefit, but we don't know. That's why we have to do research."
“对于普通人这个方法可能是有益的，但我们还不知道。这就是我们必需进行研究的原因。”

2007-04-07 18:12

投票
收藏
打赏
引用
分享
- 微信扫一扫
- 新浪微博
- 丁香客
- 复制网址
举报
- 广告宣传推广
- 政治敏感、违法虚假信息
- 恶意灌水、重复发帖
- 违规侵权、站友争执
- 附件异常、链接失效
- 其他

• 二军大初试成绩

ginnyran

丁香园荣誉版主

4楼

编译：（中文字符：1265）

http://www.thestar.com/News/article/199953

科学家发现记忆的关键

www.thestar.com 新闻报道，记忆被称为精神的“卓越奇迹”，而由加拿大科学家组成的一个小组相信在我们长期记忆能力之下的分子总开关问题变得突出起来。

另外，他们希望其发现结果将引出一种可以帮助老年痴呆症及其他形式痴呆患者的药物，这些患者的记忆能力逐渐的被损害。

由McGill大学的分子生物学家Nahum Sonenberg领导的研究人员发现，相比于正常小鼠，有某些基因突变的试验小鼠学习和记忆能力都增强。

正在被讨论的该基因，其在正常情况下会增加一种天然记忆阻断蛋白水平。而对于遗传变异小鼠，产生这种抑制蛋白较少，使得动物学习的更快，记忆的更久。

Sonenberg在蒙特利尔说，“我们已经制作了一只基因突变小鼠，且该基因能产生一种控制细胞中其他蛋白合成的蛋白质”。“当出现这种变异，产生抑制学习和记忆的蛋白就会比较少。”

“因为生成此种蛋白少，所以记忆力会比较好。”

下一步是寻找可以模仿这种基因突变作用的化合物――也就是说，一种可以提高记忆力的药片。

Sonenberg实验室的一位资深博士后同事Mauro Costa－Mattioli说，“如果这种药片可以生产出来，它可以为那些有记忆相关疾病如老年痴呆患者提供新的治疗方法”。“虽然这种作用机制药物不能治愈疾病本身，但它能缓解记忆丧失症状。”

当重复激活脑细胞以形成固定的神经联系时，就形成了记忆力，或者重复刺激突触也能形成这种联系，这个过程叫做突触可塑性。

记忆力和突触可塑性都有两个组成部分――一种为短时间记忆，持续数分钟或数小时，第二种在重复训练后形成。后者激活机制使神经联系稳定，最后导致记忆持续数天、数周或数年。

《细胞》杂志周五刊发了一篇文章，为了指导研究，科学家通过一系列标准实验室检验比较了基因变异小鼠与正常小鼠的行为。

其中一项测试包括训练动物找到藏在迷宫中的踏板，该装置设置在一个水箱中。在六天的训练后，正常小鼠可以通过迷宫墙上和天花板上一系列的标志指引在约50秒内游到踏板处，而这些标志在动物学习导航课程时曾看到。

Sonenberg提到这些遗传变异动物说，“现在，如果你用我们称为‘聪明老鼠’的老鼠来试验，你仅需要一半时间”。“现在大约是25到30秒。它的表现比正常小鼠要好。”

“在这些所有测试中，遗传变异小鼠记忆力更好，学习更快。”

不列颠哥伦比亚大学老年痴呆症加拿大研究主席Weihong Song博士说，之前科学家就已经知道基因表达和蛋白质都与记忆的形成及学习有关，但是基础理论还没有被完全证实。

Song在温哥华说“我认为这是个大论文课题及巨大发现，而且在正确的方向上迈进一步”。“它证明了一种分子在记忆形成中，特别是在长期记忆形成中的主要作用。”

“而且它为我们提供了一些怎样设计记忆增强剂化合物的线索，这些药物将对一些记忆障碍如老年痴呆症和其他与年龄有关的痴呆有益。”

用分子总开关可以修补长期记忆，也提出了一种增强普通人记忆力药物的概念。

但是Sonenberg说，这个想法处理起来要谨慎，因为靶向分子在身体中还起很多其他作用，包括在器官中起作用，例如胰腺和肝脏。

“但对于老年痴呆患者，他们在记忆方面有严重障碍，因此如果你即使增强10%到20%的记忆力… 也将是巨大的帮助”。

“而对于普通人这个方法可能有益，但我们还不知道。这就是我们必需进行研究的原因。”（丁香）

2007-04-07 18:23

投票
收藏
打赏
引用
分享
- 微信扫一扫
- 新浪微博
- 丁香客
- 复制网址
举报
- 广告宣传推广
- 政治敏感、违法虚假信息
- 恶意灌水、重复发帖
- 违规侵权、站友争执
- 附件异常、链接失效
- 其他

• 中大2020考博外科成绩觉得与预期相差太大的同学进来

科技动态

【medical-news】科学家发现记忆的关键

提示

丁香园旗下网站

关于丁香园

官方链接

科技动态

分享到：

微信扫一扫

【medical-news】科学家发现记忆的关键

微信扫一扫

微信扫一扫

微信扫一扫

微信扫一扫

提示

丁香园旗下网站

关于丁香园

官方链接