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【bio-news】病毒感染让人增肥

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Study Finds Virus Contributes to Obesity

By SETH BORENSTEIN
The Associated Press
Monday, August 20, 2007; 10:40 PM

WASHINGTON -- In the buffet of reasons for why Americans are getting fatter, researchers are piling more evidence on the plate for one still-controversial cause: a virus.

New research announced Monday found that when human stem cells _ the blank slate of the cell world _ were exposed to a common virus they turned into fat cells. They didn't just change, they stored fat, too.

While this may be a guilt-free explanation for putting on pounds, it doesn't explain all or even most of America's growing obesity problem. But it adds to other recent evidence that blames expanding waistlines on more than just super-sized appetites and underused muscles.

For several years, researchers have looked at a possible link between obesity and this common virus, called adenovirus-36, from a family of viruses that cause colds and pinkeye in people. They had already found that a higher percentage of fat people had been infected with the virus than nonfat people. They had exposed animals to the virus and got them to fatten up and even found a a gene in the virus that causes animals to get obese.

But ethical restraints kept researchers from exposing people to the virus to see what happens. So they did what would be considered the next best thing, said Nikhil Dhurandhar, who headed the research at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in the Louisiana State University system.

They took fat tissue from people who had liposuction, removed adult stem cells from the tissue and exposed the cells to the virus in the lab. Adult stem cells can regenerate and turn into different types of specialized cells to help the body heal itself.

More than half the stem cells exposed to the virus turned into fat cells and accumulated fats, while only a small percentage of the non-exposed stem cells did the same, said researcher Dr. Magdalena Pasarica, who presented the results Monday at the American Chemical Society's annual meeting in Boston.

"It's the first time we see an effect in human cells," Pasarica said in a phone interview.

If a viral cause of obesity can be confirmed, a vaccine could be developed, maybe within five to 10 years, to prevent the virus from making some people fat, Dhurandhar said. However, it wouldn't help people already obese, he said.

Outside experts are intrigued but worry about people blaming all obesity on viruses, when this may be just one of many causes. It doesn't mean it's OK to overeat, blame a bug or wait for some kind of antivirus medicine, they said.

"The cause for obesity in everyone is the same," said Dr. Samuel Klein, director of the Center for Human Nutrition at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. "You eat more calories than you burn up; You can't get away from that basic law of physics."

But there are many causes that trigger overeating and extra storage of fat in the body, including the virus, Klein said. However, he said he considers the virus only a small factor, easily outweighed by genetics and even childhood eating habits.

Dhurandhar said some of his earlier research found that 30 percent of obese Americans had developed antibodies to the virus, showing they had been exposed to it at some point. But for non-obese people, only 11 percent had antibodies, he said.

That means for some people it is not their fault they are fat, Dhurandhar said.

But Klein said that's not completely right.

"We don't want obese people to feel that it's all their fault because it is not all their fault ... but clearly the buck finally lies with the person," Klein said.

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2007-08-21 22:47 浏览 : 1220 回复 : 7

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胭脂编辑于 2007-10-17 10:18

• 问：补几克KCl可以提升1mmol/l;输入1g氯化钾，可提升多少mmol/l？

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本人已认领该文编译，48小时后若未提交译文，请其他战友自由认领。

2007-08-22 14:06

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• 医生休假，能做到完全不受临床的干扰吗？

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期待译文

2007-08-23 14:00

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• “轮椅小仙女”疑因无障碍通道坡度过大摔伤去世：曾爬上世界屋脊，却倒在人行道

snakex

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Study Finds Virus Contributes to Obesity
研究发现病毒可以引起肥胖症
By SETH BORENSTEIN
美联社
Monday, August 20, 2007; 10:40 PM

WASHINGTON -- In the buffet of reasons for why Americans are getting fatter, researchers are piling more evidence on the plate for one still-controversial cause: a virus.
华盛顿——在美国人越来越肥胖的一系列原因中，研究者正在对一个仍然受争议的起因—病毒寻找更多的证据。
New research announced Monday found that when human stem cells _ the blank slate of the cell world _ were exposed to a common virus they turned into fat cells. They didn't just change, they stored fat, too.
星期一公布的最新研究发现，当人类干细胞（细胞世界的开端）暴露在一个普通病毒下，它们就会转化成脂肪细胞。他们不仅仅发生改变，而且也储存脂肪。
While this may be a guilt-free explanation for putting on pounds, it doesn't explain all or even most of America's growing obesity problem. But it adds to other recent evidence that blames expanding waistlines on more than just super-sized appetites and underused muscles.
虽然这些研究成果对于体重增加也许是个无害的解释，它不能解释所有甚至大多数美国人肥胖的问题。但是它对其他论据做了很好的补充，即将腰围增加仅仅归咎于过量饮食和缺少运动。
For several years, researchers have looked at a possible link between obesity and this common virus, called adenovirus-36, from a family of viruses that cause colds and pinkeye in people. They had already found that a higher percentage of fat people had been infected with the virus than nonfat people. They had exposed animals to the virus and got them to fatten up and even found a a gene in the virus that causes animals to get obese.
在过去的几年里，研究者调查了肥胖与叫做腺病毒-36普通病毒之间的可能联系，这种病毒来自可以导致人类感冒的病毒家族。他们已经发现相对于正常人群有更高比率的肥胖人群感染该病毒。他们让动物接触这种病毒，且使它们变得肥胖，甚至发现病毒的一个可以导致动物肥胖的基因。
But ethical restraints kept researchers from exposing people to the virus to see what happens. So they did what would be considered the next best thing, said Nikhil Dhurandhar, who headed the research at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in the Louisiana State University system.
但是伦理束缚使得研究者不能用人类来接触病毒做相关实验。因此他们做了被认为是其余最好的事情。the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in the Louisiana State University system该研究的首席研究人员Nikhil Dhurandha这样认为。
They took fat tissue from people who had liposuction, removed adult stem cells from the tissue and exposed the cells to the virus in the lab. Adult stem cells can regenerate and turn into different types of specialized cells to help the body heal itself.
他们利用人们吸脂手术后的脂肪组织，从这些组织中分离出成年干细胞，并且在实验室里将这些细胞暴露在病毒中。成年干细胞可以再生，而且可以转化成不同种类的特化细胞来帮助肌体修复自身。
More than half the stem cells exposed to the virus turned into fat cells and accumulated fats, while only a small percentage of the non-exposed stem cells did the same, said researcher Dr. Magdalena Pasarica, who presented the results Monday at the American Chemical Society's annual meeting in Boston.
研究人员Magdalena Pasarica博士指出，暴露在病毒中的干细胞超过一半转化成脂肪细胞以及储存脂肪，而没有接触病毒的细胞仅仅一小部分会转化。他在星期一波士顿举行的美国化学协会的年会上发表了这些结果.
"It's the first time we see an effect in human cells," Pasarica said in a phone interview.
“这是我们第一次在人类细胞中观察到的结果，”Pasarica 在一个电话采访中说道。
If a viral cause of obesity can be confirmed, a vaccine could be developed, maybe within five to 10 years, to prevent the virus from making some people fat, Dhurandhar said. However, it wouldn't help people already obese, he said.
Dhurandhar 认为，如果病毒引起肥胖确信无疑的话，也许在5-10年的时间里，就可能研制出相应的疫苗来阻止病毒引起一些人肥胖。然而，不能帮助已经肥胖的人群解决问题。
Outside experts are intrigued but worry about people blaming all obesity on viruses, when this may be just one of many causes. It doesn't mean it's OK to overeat, blame a bug or wait for some kind of antivirus medicine, they said.
他们认为，外行人对这一发现很好奇，但是担心人们将所有的肥胖归咎于病毒，因为这也许仅仅是许多原因中的一种。但这并不认为可以过量饮食，把所有责任都推卸到病菌上，或等待一些抗病毒医学治疗。
"The cause for obesity in everyone is the same," said Dr. Samuel Klein, director of the Center for Human Nutrition at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. "You eat more calories than you burn up; You can't get away from that basic law of physics."
对于每个人来说肥胖的原因是相同的，said Dr. Samuel Klein, director of the Center for Human Nutrition at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis.人们的能量输出小于摄取的能量，任何人都不能脱离这个基本的物理法则。
But there are many causes that trigger overeating and extra storage of fat in the body, including the virus, Klein said. However, he said he considers the virus only a small factor, easily outweighed by genetics and even childhood eating habits.
Klein said，但是在体内启动过量饮食和额外脂肪储存的原因有许多，包括病毒因素，然而，他认为病毒仅仅是一个很小的影响因素，远不如基因遗传甚至小时侯饮食习惯影响大。
Dhurandhar said some of his earlier research found that 30 percent of obese Americans had developed antibodies to the virus, showing they had been exposed to it at some point. But for non-obese people, only 11 percent had antibodies, he said.
Dhurandhar said他的一些早期研究发现30%肥胖美国人对这种病毒已经产生了抗体，表明在某种意义上他们已经接触了这类病毒。但是对于非肥胖人群，仅仅11%产生了抗体。
That means for some people it is not their fault they are fat, Dhurandhar said.
这就说明对于某些人来说肥胖不是他们的错，Dhurandhar said。
But Klein said that's not completely right.
但是Klein认为这种说法不完全正确。
"We don't want obese people to feel that it's all their fault because it is not all their fault ... but clearly the buck finally lies with the person," Klein said.
我们不想让肥胖人群感觉全是他们的责任，因为不全是他们的错…，但是很明显结果最终还是取决于个人。

—————————————————————————————————————————
编译：

研究发现病毒可引起肥胖症

By SETH BORENSTEIN
美联社
Monday, August 20, 2007; 10:40 PM

华盛顿——在美国人越来越肥胖的一系列原因中，研究者正在对一个仍然受争议的起因—病毒寻找更多的证据。
星期一公布的最新研究发现，当人类干细胞（细胞世界的开端）暴露在一个普通病毒下，它们就会转化成脂肪细胞。他们不仅仅发生改变，而且也储存脂肪。
虽然这些研究成果对于体重增加也许是个无害的解释，它不能解释所有甚至大多数美国人肥胖的问题。但是它对其他论据做了很好的补充，即将腰围增加仅仅归咎于过量饮食和缺少运动。
在过去的几年里，研究者调查了肥胖与叫做腺病毒-36普通病毒之间的可能联系，这种病毒来自可以导致人类感冒的病毒家族。他们已经发现相对于正常人群有更高比率的肥胖人群感染该病毒。他们让动物接触这种病毒，且使它们变得肥胖，甚至发现病毒的一个可以导致动物肥胖的基因。
但是伦理束缚使得研究者不能用人类来接触病毒做相关实验。因此他们做了被认为是其余最好的事情。the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in the Louisiana State University system该研究的首席研究人员Nikhil Dhurandha这样认为。
他们利用人们吸脂手术后的脂肪组织，从这些组织中分离出成年干细胞，并且在实验室里将这些细胞暴露在病毒中。成年干细胞可以再生，而且可以转化成不同种类的特化细胞来帮助肌体修复自身。
研究人员Magdalena Pasarica博士指出，暴露在病毒中的干细胞超过一半转化成脂肪细胞以及储存脂肪，而没有接触病毒的细胞仅仅一小部分会转化。他在星期一波士顿举行的美国化学协会的年会上发表了这些结果.
“这是我们第一次在人类细胞中观察到的结果，”Pasarica 在一个电话采访中说道。
Dhurandhar 认为，如果病毒引起肥胖确信无疑的话，也许在5-10年的时间里，就可能研制出相应的疫苗来阻止病毒引起一些人肥胖。然而，不能帮助已经肥胖的人群解决问题。
他们认为，外行人对这一发现很好奇，但是担心人们将所有的肥胖归咎于病毒，因为这也许仅仅是许多原因中的一种。但这并不认为可以过量饮食，把所有责任都推卸到病菌上，或等待一些抗病毒医学治疗。
对于每个人来说肥胖的原因是相同的，said Dr. Samuel Klein, director of the Center for Human Nutrition at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis.人们的能量输出小于摄取的能量，任何人都不能脱离这个基本的物理法则。
Klein said，但是在体内启动过量饮食和额外脂肪储存的原因有许多，包括病毒因素，然而，他认为病毒仅仅是一个很小的影响因素，远不如基因遗传甚至小时侯饮食习惯影响大。
Dhurandhar said他的一些早期研究发现30%肥胖美国人对这种病毒已经产生了抗体，表明在某种意义上他们已经接触了这类病毒。但是对于非肥胖人群，仅仅11%产生了抗体。
这就说明对于某些人来说肥胖不是他们的错，Dhurandhar said。
但是Klein认为这种说法不完全正确。
我们不想让肥胖人群感觉全是他们的责任，因为不全是他们的错…，但是很明显结果最终还是取决于个人。

2007-10-13 00:34

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