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【bio-news】英国批准人-动物胚胎研究

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http://www.cbc.ca/technology/story/2007/09/05/hybrid-embryos.html?ref=rss
Brits approve human-animal embryo research
Cloning technique banned in Canada
After months of consultation, British regulators have agreed in principle to allow human-animal embryos to be created and used for research.

"Having looked at all the evidence the Authority has decided that there is no fundamental reason to prevent cytoplasmic hybrid research," the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority said in its decision Wednesday.

Mick Bhatia, a prominent Canadian stem cell researcher, says Canada will lag other countries in stem cell research and lose scientists to countries that are pursuing it unless it follows the UK's lead.
(CBC) "However, public opinion is very finely divided with people generally opposed to this research unless it is tightly regulated and it is likely to lead to scientific or medical advancements. This is not a total green light for cytoplasmic hybrid research, but recognition that this area of research can, with caution and careful scrutiny, be permitted."

The ruling is expected to create further controversy about stem cell research, which critics view as a destruction of human life.

The HFEA-sanctioned research would allow the fusion of human-animal embryos, also known as chimeras, to create stem cells.

Stem cells are transmutable, meaning they can be turned into any type of cell. They are used in the treatment of various diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, to regenerate tissues.

The research focuses on a specific aspect of chimerism that would involve removing the nucleus from animal egg cells and replacing it with human DNA. Scientists would then let the cells to divide for two weeks into about 200 cells and extract stem cells at that time.

Canada opposed to hybrid embryos

"There's nothing like this in Canada," Mick Bhatia, the scientific director of McMaster University's cancer and stem cell biology institute in Hamilton, Ont., told CBCNews.ca. "We're falling so far behind because we don't even have a process in place."

He said he would like to see Canada develop a regulatory body such as the HFEA to push the process forward and to "reach certain milestones on this."

Canada, Australia and the U.S. currently ban the creation of human-animal embryos. However, while in Canada the research is banned outright, the U.S. has only banned federal funding for it, leaving the door open to private-sector and state funding for stem cell research, Bhatia said.

"This isn't an academic spanking," Bhatia said of possible Canadian penalties for breaking the ban. "You're put in jail."

"We're falling so far behind – because we don't even have a process in place."

— Mick Bhatia, McMaster UniversityIt's a critical difference that's allowing U.S. researchers to make stem cell advances and attract top Canadian stem cell researchers while Canada languishes, Bhatia said.

"Fifteen or 20 years from now we're not even going to be able to train enough physicians and researchers to capitalize on the discoveries of others," Bhatia said.

"I think when we're competing and collaborating internationally — it basically puts us in a different room."

Bhatia also predicted a shortage of embryonic stem cells in Canada, as more research is done and the need for certain types of cells goes up.

Two applications currently before HFEA

According to the HFEA, it has received two research licence applications to derive stem cells from embryos created via cloning.

Scientists in Britain applied in 2006 for permission to create human-animal hybrid embryos by injecting human DNA into cows' eggs for stem cell research.

The scientists said the hybrid human-bovine embryos could prove useful in pursuing treatments to prevent Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's, as well as spinal cord injuries, diabetes and arthritis.

"Our licence to them is designed to create cloned human embryonic stem cell lines from individuals who have known genetic forms of a variety of neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, muscular atrophy and motor neuron disease, Dr. Stephen Minger, director of the stem cell biology laboratory at King's College in London told CBC News. "What we really want to do is create disease-specific cell lines."

While Britain has moved ahead, Bhatia doesn't think Canada's position on hybrid embryos will change anytime soon. He said that when he testified in front of the Senate committee concerning the Canadian Assisted Human Reproduction Act several years ago, follow-up hearings were planned in order to revisit stem cell research.

"Two years have come and gone," he said. "If [the issue] does resonate within Canadian policy, it will be glacial."

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2007-09-07 08:00 浏览 : 809 回复 : 2

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本人已认领该文编译，48小时后若未提交译文，请其他战友自由认领。

2007-09-07 22:34

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初译后：

http://www.cbc.ca/technology/story/2007/09/05/hybrid-embryos.html?ref=rss

Brits approve human-animal embryo research
英国批准人类和动物胚胎研究

Cloning technique banned in Canada
加拿大禁止克隆技术

After months of consultation, British regulators have agreed in principle to allow human-animal embryos to be created and used for research.在为时数月的咨询论证后，英国的决策者们原则上同意制造实验用人类和动物胚胎。

"Having looked at all the evidence the Authority has decided that there is no fundamental reason to prevent cytoplasmic hybrid research," the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority said in its decision Wednesday. “职权部门在审查所有证据后认为没有足够的理由来禁止胞质杂交研究。”人工授精与胚胎学管理局（HFEA）在周三的决定中说道。

Mick Bhatia, a prominent Canadian stem cell researcher, says Canada will lag other countries in stem cell research and lose scientists to countries that are pursuing it unless it follows the UK's lead. (CBC) Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC)
Mick Bhatia，杰出的加拿大干细胞研究专家，表示加拿大将会在干细胞研究方面落后于其他国家，除非加拿大向英国学习，要不然，干细胞科学家将会流失至能继续开展干细胞研究的国家。（加拿大广播公司，CBC）

"However, public opinion is very finely divided with people generally opposed to this research unless it is tightly regulated and it is likely to lead to scientific or medical advancements. This is not a total green light for cytoplasmic hybrid research, but recognition that this area of research can, with caution and careful scrutiny, be permitted."
“然而，公众意见分界非常清楚，他们通常反对该类研究，除非该研究会被严格的规范并且能带来科学和医学的进步。这对胞质杂交研究来说并不是完全的绿灯，但是在谨慎和细致的审查下，允许开展这一领域的研究是完全可能的。

The ruling is expected to create further controversy about stem cell research, which critics view as a destruction of human life.
关于干细胞研究的裁决将来必然导致争论，在批评者来说，还是将这一研究视为人类生活的毁灭。

The HFEA-sanctioned research would allow the fusion of human-animal embryos, also known as chimeras, to create stem cells.
人工授精与胚胎学管理局批准研究可以将人类和动物的胚胎相互融合，也就是人们知道的嵌合体，来制造干细胞。

Stem cells are transmutable, meaning they can be turned into any type of cell. They are used in the treatment of various diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, to regenerate tissues.
干细胞是可变的，意味着它们可以变成其他任一类型的细胞。干细胞可以用来治疗多种疾病，例如帕金森病和老年痴呆症等，可以用来再生组织。

The research focuses on a specific aspect of chimerism that would involve removing the nucleus from animal egg cells and replacing it with human DNA. Scientists would then let the cells to divide for two weeks into about 200 cells and extract stem cells at that time.
Canada opposed to hybrid embryos.
研究主要集中在嵌合状态的一个特殊方面，即将动物卵细胞的核取出后置入人类DNA。科学家们让该细胞分裂两周后达到将近200个细胞时，提取干细胞。加拿大反对胚胎杂交。

"There's nothing like this in Canada," Mick Bhatia, the scientific director of McMaster University's cancer and stem cell biology institute in Hamilton, Ont., told CBCNews.ca. "We're falling so far behind because we don't even have a process in place."
“在加拿大没有这样的事发生”，Mich Bhatia，安大略省汉密尔顿McMaster大学肿瘤和干细胞生物学研究院的学术主管，对CBC加国新闻说道。“我们现在落后了很多，因为对干细胞研究我们甚至没有的相应的管理机构。”

He said he would like to see Canada develop a regulatory body such as the HFEA to push the process forward and to "reach certain milestones on this."
他说他希望看到加拿大也能成立一个类似英国HFEA的机构来向前推进干细胞研究的进程并能取得一定的里程碑式的成就。

Canada, Australia and the U.S. currently ban the creation of human-animal embryos. However, while in Canada the research is banned outright, the U.S. has only banned federal funding for it, leaving the door open to private-sector and state funding for stem cell research, Bhatia said.
Bhatia表示，加拿大、澳大利亚和美国现在禁止制造人类和动物胚胎。但是，在加拿大该项研究是完全被禁止的，美国仅仅禁止联邦基金资助该项研究，私人和各州的基金还是可以资助干细胞研究。

"This isn't an academic spanking," Bhatia said of possible Canadian penalties for breaking the ban. "You're put in jail."
“这不单纯是个学术的问题，”Bhatia对触犯该禁令可能受到的处罚评价到，“你会被送进监狱。”

"We're falling so far behind – because we don't even have a process in place." Mick Bhatia, McMaster University
“我们现在落后了很多，因为对干细胞研究我们甚至没有的相应的管理机构。”
McMaster大学的Mick Bhatia

It's a critical difference that's allowing U.S. researchers to make stem cell advances and attract top Canadian stem cell researchers while Canada languishes, Bhatia said.
Bhatia说，这就会是天壤之别，美国允许研究者取得干细胞研究的突破并吸引着顶尖的加拿大干细胞研究，同时加拿大的干细胞研究却日渐萎缩。

"Fifteen or 20 years from now we're not even going to be able to train enough physicians and researchers to capitalize on the discoveries of others," Bhatia said.
“今后的15或20年，我们甚至不能够培训足够的医生和研究人员来将其他领域的研究发现进行资本转化。”Bhatia说。

"I think when we're competing and collaborating internationally — it basically puts us in a different room."
“我想当我们进行国际的合作和竞争时——就好像是完全的将我们放在一间不同的屋子里。”

Bhatia also predicted a shortage of embryonic stem cells in Canada, as more research is done and the need for certain types of cells goes up.
Bhatia还预测在加拿大，胚胎干细胞会出现短缺。由于更多的研究导致特定类型的细胞需求量会增加。

Two applications currently before HFEA
HFEA当前面对的两个干细胞应用

According to the HFEA, it has received two research licence applications to derive stem cells from embryos created via cloning.
根据HFEA的申明，它收到两份通过克隆手段制造胚胎并提取干细胞的研究应用准许。

Scientists in Britain applied in 2006 for permission to create human-animal hybrid embryos by injecting human DNA into cows' eggs for stem cell research.
英国的科学家们在2006年申请通过注射人类DNA进入母牛卵细胞生成人类动物杂交胚胎来进行干细胞研究。

The scientists said the hybrid human-bovine embryos could prove useful in pursuing treatments to prevent Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's, as well as spinal cord injuries, diabetes and arthritis.
科学家们说杂交的人类和牛的胚胎能有利于促进寻找方法来预防帕金森式病和老年痴呆症，对于脊髓损伤、糖尿病和关节炎也是一样。

"Our licence to them is designed to create cloned human embryonic stem cell lines from individuals who have known genetic forms of a variety of neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, muscular atrophy and motor neuron disease, Dr. Stephen Minger, director of the stem cell biology laboratory at King's College in London told CBC News. "What we really want to do is create disease-specific cell lines."
“我们发给他们许可证的目的在于从那些不同的遗传性神经性疾病的个体，如老年性痴呆症、帕金森式病、肌萎缩和运动性神经元疾病等，克隆制造出人类胚胎干细胞系。

While Britain has moved ahead, Bhatia doesn't think Canada's position on hybrid embryos will change anytime soon. He said that when he testified in front of the Senate committee concerning the Canadian Assisted Human Reproduction Act several years ago, follow-up hearings were planned in order to revisit stem cell research.
英国的研究正大步向前，Bhatia并不认为加拿大对于杂交胚胎的态度会在短期内某个时候改变。他说当几年前他在参院委员会面前陈述加拿大人类辅助生殖条例时，接踵而至的听证会计划重新审查干细胞研究。

"Two years have come and gone," he said. "If [the issue] does resonate within Canadian policy, it will be glacial."
“两年来了又去了，”他说。“如果该议案在加国政策内引起反响，到那时，黄花菜都凉了。”

编译后（1291字）

英国批准人类和动物胚胎研究而加拿大禁止克隆技术

在为时数月的咨询论证后，英国的决策者们原则上同意制造实验用人类和动物胚胎。“职权部门在审查所有证据后认为没有足够的理由来禁止胞质杂交研究。”人工授精与胚胎学管理局（HFEA）在周三的决定中说道。

Mick Bhatia，杰出的加拿大干细胞研究专家，表示加拿大将会在干细胞研究方面落后于其他国家，除非向英国学习，要不然，干细胞科学家将会大量流失。

“然而，公众意见非常明确，他们通常反对该类研究，除非该研究会被严格的规范并且能带来科学和医学的进步。这对胞质杂交研究来说并不是绿灯，但是在谨慎和细致的审查下，允许开展这一领域的研究是完全可能的。关于干细胞研究的命运裁决将来必然导致争论，在批评者来说，还是将这一研究视为人类生活的毁灭。

HFEA批准研究可以将人类和动物的胚胎相互融合，也就是人们常说的嵌合体，来制造干细胞。干细胞是可变的，意味着它们可以变成其他任一类型的细胞。干细胞可以用来治疗多种疾病，例如帕金森病和老年痴呆症等，还可以用来再生组织。

研究主要集中在嵌合状态的一个特殊方面，即将动物卵细胞的核取出后置入人类DNA。科学家们让该细胞分裂两周后达到将近200个细胞时，提取干细胞。“在加拿大没有这样的事发生”，Mich Bhatia， McMaster大学肿瘤和干细胞生物学研究院的学术主管，对CBC加国新闻说道。“我们现在落后了很多，因为对干细胞研究我们甚至没有的相应的管理机构。”

他希望看到加拿大也能成立一个类似英国HFEA的机构来推进干细胞研究的进程并能取得一些里程碑式的成就。

Bhatia表示，加拿大、澳大利亚和美国现在禁止制造人类和动物胚胎。但是，在加拿大该项研究是完全被禁止的，美国仅仅禁止联邦基金资助该项研究，私人和各州的基金还是可以资助干细胞研究。

“这不单纯是个学术的问题，”Bhatia对触犯该禁令可能受到的处罚评价到，“搞不好会被送进监狱。”

Bhatia说，这就有天壤之别，美国允许研究者取得干细胞研究的突破并吸引着顶尖的加拿大干细胞研究人员，同时加拿大的干细胞研究却日渐萎缩。

“今后的15或20年，我们甚至不能够培训足够的医生和研究人员来将其他领域的研究发现进行资本转化。”Bhatia说。“当我们进行国际的合作和竞争时——却发现我们被放在一间完全不同的屋子里。”

由于更多的研究导致特定类型的细胞需求量会增加，Bhatia预测在加拿大将会出现胚胎干细胞短缺。

根据HFEA的申明，它收到两份通过克隆手段制造胚胎并提取干细胞的研究应用准许。英国的科学家们在2006年申请通过注射人类DNA进入母牛卵细胞生成人类动物杂交胚胎来进行干细胞研究。

科学家们说杂交的人类和牛的胚胎能有利于促进寻找方法来预防帕金森式病和老年痴呆症，对于脊髓损伤、糖尿病和关节炎也是一样。

“我们发给他们许可证的目的在于从那些不同的遗传性神经性疾病的个体，如老年性痴呆症、帕金森式病、肌萎缩和运动性神经元疾病等，克隆制造出人类胚胎干细胞系。英国的研究正大步向前，Bhatia并不认为加拿大对于杂交胚胎的态度会在短期内某个时候改变。他说当几年前他在参院委员会面前陈述加拿大人类辅助生殖条例时，接踵而至的听证会计划重新审查干细胞研究。

“两年来了又去了，”他说。“如果该议案会在加国政策层面引起反响，到那时，黄花菜都凉了。”

2007-09-08 05:55

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